{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128437887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.004","title":"Gated side adapters with memory-efficient fine tuning for RGB-T tracking","display_name":"Gated side adapters with memory-efficient fine tuning for RGB-T tracking","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128437887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898368220","display_name":"ICT Express","issn_l":"2405-9595","issn":["2405-9595"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICT Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.004","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022102392","display_name":"Dae-Hyeon Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dae-Hyeon Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-2412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125461109","display_name":"Mina Baek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mina Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6400-7091","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047307217","display_name":"Seung\u2010Hwan Bae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9478-2706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Hwan Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9478-2706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047307217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24452954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"523","last_page":"529"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.1534000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.1534000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.14069999754428864,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11749","display_name":"Iterative Learning Control Systems","score":0.08349999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6636999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5787000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.5547999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-tuning","display_name":"Fine-tuning","score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.3995000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7724999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6636999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5787000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.5547999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5523999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157524613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2828883","display_name":"Fine-tuning","level":2,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82687282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Auxiliary memory","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3454156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144241","display_name":"Side effect (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898368220","display_name":"ICT Express","issn_l":"2405-9595","issn":["2405-9595"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICT Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e9b99bd0f1843c6a7e687d6647ca3ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3e9b99bd0f1843c6a7e687d6647ca3ed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ICT Express, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 523-529 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2026.02.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898368220","display_name":"ICT Express","issn_l":"2405-9595","issn":["2405-9595"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICT Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1044704540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-NR071978","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2517708729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-NR070869","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3355772821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-II220448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321370","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205694850","https://openalex.org/W4385453900","https://openalex.org/W4402916309"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-modal":[0],"tracking":[1],"fuses":[2],"different":[3],"domain":[4,97],"features":[5],"to":[6,12,58,85,94,111],"compensate":[7],"for":[8,30],"each":[9],"other.":[10],"Due":[11],"the":[13,18,39,72,75,88,96],"large":[14],"training":[15,51,55,101],"complexity":[16],"of":[17,41],"foundation":[19,76,89],"RGB":[20],"model,":[21],"several":[22],"parameter-efficient":[23],"fine-tuning":[24],"(PEFT)":[25],"methods":[26,36],"have":[27],"been":[28],"presented":[29],"RGB-T":[31],"tracking.":[32],"Although":[33],"these":[34],"PEFT":[35],"effectively":[37],"reduce":[38,100],"number":[40],"parameters,":[42],"they":[43],"still":[44],"require":[45],"significant":[46],"resources.":[47],"They":[48],"demand":[49],"more":[50],"memory":[52,106],"and":[53,105],"longer":[54],"times,":[56],"smilar":[57],"full":[59],"fine-tuning.":[60],"To":[61],"solve":[62],"this":[63],"problem,":[64],"we":[65,79],"propose":[66,80],"gated":[67],"side":[68,92],"adapters":[69],"that":[70],"remove":[71],"backpropagation":[73],"through":[74],"model.":[77],"Furthermore,":[78],"a":[81],"modality":[82],"fusion":[83],"module":[84],"adaptively":[86],"integrate":[87],"model":[90,93],"with":[91],"overcome":[95],"gap.":[98],"We":[99],"time":[102],"by":[103,108],"29.2%":[104],"usage":[107],"51.7%,":[109],"compared":[110],"full-fine":[112],"tuning.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-02-10T00:00:00"}