{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411863216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2025.06.018","title":"A highly scalable improved multi-objective hybrid load balancing (IMH_LB) algorithm","display_name":"A highly scalable improved multi-objective hybrid load balancing (IMH_LB) algorithm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411863216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2025.06.018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.icte.2025.06.018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2025.06.018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898368220","display_name":"ICT Express","issn_l":"2405-9595","issn":["2405-9595"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICT Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2025.06.018","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080173260","display_name":"Darakhshan Syed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5319-5847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Darakhshan Syed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5319-5847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103230965","display_name":"Ghulam Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9765-7871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghulam Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024282053","display_name":"Safdar Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Safdar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080173260"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"fwci":1.8777,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87084406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"275","last_page":"282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6825274229049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.562801718711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5178649425506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.42488592863082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3476426601409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3412497043609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.332721471786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.05183449387550354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6825274229049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.562801718711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5178649425506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.42488592863082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3476426601409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3412497043609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.332721471786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.05183449387550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.icte.2025.06.018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2025.06.018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898368220","display_name":"ICT Express","issn_l":"2405-9595","issn":["2405-9595"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICT Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a614a9a4c95048a6a23a3d39935ecd30","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a614a9a4c95048a6a23a3d39935ecd30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ICT Express, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 275-282 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.icte.2025.06.018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2025.06.018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898368220","display_name":"ICT Express","issn_l":"2405-9595","issn":["2405-9595"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICT Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045287414","https://openalex.org/W2115694415","https://openalex.org/W2742681813","https://openalex.org/W2794097661","https://openalex.org/W3017232880","https://openalex.org/W3042975239","https://openalex.org/W3094017545","https://openalex.org/W3138243008","https://openalex.org/W3182337785","https://openalex.org/W4380538333","https://openalex.org/W4385423885","https://openalex.org/W4386620903","https://openalex.org/W4388089198","https://openalex.org/W4388446625","https://openalex.org/W4389040665","https://openalex.org/W4395074816","https://openalex.org/W4398152332","https://openalex.org/W4400475879","https://openalex.org/W4402284933","https://openalex.org/W4407592153","https://openalex.org/W4409246403","https://openalex.org/W4409795864","https://openalex.org/W4409796947","https://openalex.org/W4410536908","https://openalex.org/W6661420091","https://openalex.org/W6676962576","https://openalex.org/W6798551312","https://openalex.org/W6879938186"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166734474","https://openalex.org/W1982914007","https://openalex.org/W3004117068","https://openalex.org/W2043284556","https://openalex.org/W2159583675","https://openalex.org/W3175372827","https://openalex.org/W2488220206","https://openalex.org/W2146301767","https://openalex.org/W1824242903","https://openalex.org/W1493858311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"cloud":[1,79],"computing":[2,80],"systems":[3],"the":[4,54,61,100,112,126,129,162,170],"continuous":[5],"increasing":[6],"need":[7],"for":[8],"a":[9,26,42],"variety":[10],"of":[11,29,65,111,128,135,159,169,188],"applications":[12],"has":[13,74],"made":[14],"workload":[15],"distribution":[16],"and":[17,31,106,109,116,155,165,167,173],"resource":[18,84,153],"allocation":[19],"more":[20],"difficult.":[21],"These":[22],"difficulties":[23],"lead":[24],"to":[25,77],"high":[27,43,87,180,193],"degree":[28,158],"imbalance":[30,160],"poor":[32],"system":[33],"performance.":[34],"To":[35],"address":[36],"these":[37],"issues,":[38],"this":[39],"study":[40],"presented":[41],"scalable":[44],"Improved":[45,117],"Multi-Objective":[46],"Hybrid":[47,118],"Load":[48],"Balancing":[49],"(IMH_LB)":[50],"Algorithm.":[51],"It":[52],"combines":[53],"Grey":[55],"Wolf":[56],"Optimization":[57,68],"(GWO)":[58],"algorithm":[59,102,178],"with":[60,86,132],"velocity":[62],"driven":[63],"approach":[64,131],"Particle":[66],"Swarm":[67],"(PSO)":[69],"technique.":[70],"The":[71,89,122,176],"suggested":[72],"method":[73],"been":[75],"developed":[76],"optimize":[78],"environments":[81],"by":[82,98],"improving":[83],"utilization":[85,154,187],"scalability.":[88],"quality-of-service":[90],"(QoS)":[91],"parameters":[92],"are":[93],"comparatively":[94],"analyzed":[95],"in":[96,137,142,146,148,151,157],"CloudSim":[97],"benchmarking":[99],"proposed":[101,130,177],"against":[103],"standard":[104,163],"(GWO":[105,164],"PSO)":[107,166],"algorithms":[108],"state":[110,168],"art":[113,171],"(Hybrid":[114],"GWO-PSO":[115],"Genetic":[119],"Algorithm-GWO)":[120],"algorithms.":[121],"experimental":[123],"findings":[124],"show":[125],"superiority":[127],"average":[133,138,152,186],"improvements":[134],"72.16%":[136],"response":[139],"time,":[140],"67.27%":[141],"makespan,":[143],"5.18":[144],"times":[145,150],"throughput,":[147],"7.51":[149],"78.51%":[156],"over":[161],"(HGWO-PSO":[172],"IHGA-GWO)":[174],"methods.":[175],"achieves":[179],"scalability":[181],"while":[182],"stabilizing":[183],"at":[184,191],"an":[185],"89":[189],"%":[190],"significantly":[192],"workloads.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T06:41:57.775601","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
