{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390033334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100196","title":"A hierarchical byzantine fault tolerance consensus protocol for the Internet of Things","display_name":"A hierarchical byzantine fault tolerance consensus protocol for the Internet of Things","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390033334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186527","display_name":"High-Confidence Computing","issn_l":"2667-2952","issn":["2667-2952"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"High-Confidence Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100196","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102983723","display_name":"Rongxin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-1569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongxin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, 362000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111097505","display_name":"Zhenping Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenping Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of computer science and technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of computer science and technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017450763","display_name":"Zerui Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zerui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of computer science and technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of computer science and technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042651690","display_name":"Wenxian Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-1667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenxian Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of computer science and technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-1667","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of computer science and technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042651690"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"fwci":2.1463,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8855335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"100196","last_page":"100196"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.7202264666557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-architecture","display_name":"Byzantine architecture","score":0.6286527514457703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.593513548374176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.567329466342926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5347470641136169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5255628824234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-byzantine-agreement","display_name":"Quantum Byzantine agreement","score":0.4959476888179779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.45808354020118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3230411410331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1900189220905304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1628788709640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1333540380001068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.07419365644454956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.7202264666557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104562893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47591","display_name":"Byzantine architecture","level":2,"score":0.6286527514457703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.593513548374176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.567329466342926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5347470641136169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5255628824234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17532199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083590","display_name":"Quantum Byzantine agreement","level":4,"score":0.4959476888179779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.45808354020118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3230411410331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1900189220905304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1628788709640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1333540380001068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.07419365644454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186527","display_name":"High-Confidence Computing","issn_l":"2667-2952","issn":["2667-2952"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"High-Confidence Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bad27c14d64a4478ad3d471fec04a999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bad27c14d64a4478ad3d471fec04a999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"High-Confidence Computing, Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp 100196- (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210186527","display_name":"High-Confidence Computing","issn_l":"2667-2952","issn":["2667-2952"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"High-Confidence Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322182","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083860410","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W2805930283","https://openalex.org/W2902905458","https://openalex.org/W2908310212","https://openalex.org/W2921608598","https://openalex.org/W2968475864","https://openalex.org/W2982614372","https://openalex.org/W3002786831","https://openalex.org/W3003936169","https://openalex.org/W3005013321","https://openalex.org/W3012143974","https://openalex.org/W3025811804","https://openalex.org/W3042221193","https://openalex.org/W3047685524","https://openalex.org/W3091713371","https://openalex.org/W3099597609","https://openalex.org/W3108722340","https://openalex.org/W3113361091","https://openalex.org/W3113926678","https://openalex.org/W3119058875","https://openalex.org/W3136352779","https://openalex.org/W3151152081","https://openalex.org/W3175073186","https://openalex.org/W3181550025","https://openalex.org/W3216767138","https://openalex.org/W4210486492","https://openalex.org/W4220677961","https://openalex.org/W6669650361","https://openalex.org/W6785339364","https://openalex.org/W6798243521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1698117324","https://openalex.org/W2292106967","https://openalex.org/W4290996430","https://openalex.org/W4210453042","https://openalex.org/W2997526278","https://openalex.org/W2109232026","https://openalex.org/W2775054947","https://openalex.org/W2146384899","https://openalex.org/W603186994","https://openalex.org/W2145120192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,128],"inefficiency":[1,20],"of":[2,24,94,118,124,151],"Consensus":[3],"protocols":[4],"is":[5,40,69,88,106],"a":[6,34,52,73,84,135],"significant":[7],"impediment":[8],"to":[9,50,77,90,108],"blockchain":[10],"and":[11,21,114,139],"IoT":[12,32,61],"convergence":[13],"development.":[14],"To":[15],"solve":[16,78],"the":[17,25,79,92,110,116,122,149],"problems":[18],"like":[19],"poor":[22],"dynamics":[23],"Practical":[26],"Byzantine":[27],"Fault":[28],"Tolerance":[29],"(PBFT)":[30],"in":[31],"scenarios,":[33],"hierarchical":[35,58],"consensus":[36,54,67,119,126,141],"protocol":[37,68],"called":[38],"DCBFT":[39,133,152],"proposed.":[41],"Above":[42],"all,":[43],"we":[44],"propose":[45],"an":[46,57],"improved":[47],"k-sums":[48],"algorithm":[49],"build":[51],"two-level":[53,66],"cluster,":[55],"achieving":[56],"management":[59],"for":[60,146],"devices.":[62],"Next,":[63],"A":[64,101],"scalable":[65],"proposed,":[70],"which":[71],"uses":[72],"multi-primary":[74],"node":[75],"mechanism":[76],"single-point-of-failure":[80],"problem.":[81],"In":[82],"addition,":[83],"data":[85,96],"synchronization":[86],"process":[87],"introduced":[89,107],"ensure":[91],"consistency":[93],"block":[95],"after":[97],"view":[98],"changes.":[99],"Finally,":[100],"dynamic":[102,138],"reputation":[103,112],"evaluation":[104],"model":[105],"update":[109],"nodes\u2019":[111],"values":[113],"complete":[115],"rotation":[117],"nodes":[120],"at":[121],"end":[123],"each":[125],"round.":[127],"experimental":[129],"results":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132],"has":[134],"more":[136],"robust":[137],"higher":[140],"efficiency.":[142],"Moreover,":[143],"After":[144],"running":[145],"some":[147,154],"time,":[148],"performance":[150],"shows":[153],"improvement.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}