{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166301594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133461","title":"Real-time urban flood forecasting using ML-based surrogate models: enhancing smart and sustainable city decision-making","display_name":"Real-time urban flood forecasting using ML-based surrogate models: enhancing smart and sustainable city decision-making","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166301594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinxin Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-3804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinxin Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-3804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139510296","display_name":"Jingming Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingming Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139481341","display_name":"Qingyuan Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090337","display_name":"Shaanxi Provincial Meteorological Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/0088q3d19","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyuan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province, 710000 Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province, 710000 Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139476356","display_name":"Bingyao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141103825","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/00avfj807","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120015","display_name":"Nanchang Institute of Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02q5y6156","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingyao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141103825","https://openalex.org/I4210120015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113033931","display_name":"Qingshi Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingshi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025274805","display_name":"Donglai Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141103825","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/00avfj807","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120015","display_name":"Nanchang Institute of Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02q5y6156","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donglai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141103825","https://openalex.org/I4210120015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139508113","display_name":"Xinyi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141103825","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/00avfj807","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141103825"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120015","display_name":"Nanchang Institute of Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02q5y6156","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141103825","https://openalex.org/I4210120015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139478306","display_name":"Guangzhao Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangzhao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074116483","display_name":"Yanhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-7168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139494107","display_name":"Lanjie Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lanjie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079581870","display_name":"T C Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5139510296"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77575116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"332","issue":null,"first_page":"133461","last_page":"133461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.8697999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.8697999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.030899999663233757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":0.010700000450015068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-myth","display_name":"Flood myth","score":0.5529000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.5202999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-city","display_name":"Sustainable city","score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-sustainability","display_name":"Urban sustainability","score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development","display_name":"Sustainable development","score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.352400004863739}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.5529000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.5202999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780032489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652360","display_name":"Sustainable city","level":3,"score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43880000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994339824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7649624","display_name":"Urban sustainability","level":3,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183195422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409303","display_name":"Flood forecasting","level":3,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987704428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7900121","display_name":"City logistics","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133461","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7816126942634583}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594070297","https://openalex.org/W1962006846","https://openalex.org/W2006256573","https://openalex.org/W2089050662","https://openalex.org/W2092451100","https://openalex.org/W2156676190","https://openalex.org/W2335114787","https://openalex.org/W2548648743","https://openalex.org/W2884549184","https://openalex.org/W2885306791","https://openalex.org/W2899034478","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2955510005","https://openalex.org/W2965598025","https://openalex.org/W2981157894","https://openalex.org/W3003930928","https://openalex.org/W3013533105","https://openalex.org/W3013858728","https://openalex.org/W3024645822","https://openalex.org/W3030675863","https://openalex.org/W3086498997","https://openalex.org/W3158464467","https://openalex.org/W3171207074","https://openalex.org/W4210287559","https://openalex.org/W4283376499","https://openalex.org/W4289516187","https://openalex.org/W4366425588","https://openalex.org/W4368371709","https://openalex.org/W4372342844","https://openalex.org/W4384701513","https://openalex.org/W4385763767","https://openalex.org/W4388680652","https://openalex.org/W4391178461","https://openalex.org/W4392112102","https://openalex.org/W4392580638","https://openalex.org/W4393231553","https://openalex.org/W4397008743","https://openalex.org/W4401148804","https://openalex.org/W4401689525","https://openalex.org/W4402479707","https://openalex.org/W4403013144","https://openalex.org/W4403249675","https://openalex.org/W4404453934"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2026-06-28T00:00:00"}