{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7164049559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133239","title":"A cost-sensitive Dueling Double Deep Q-network framework for predicting medicines shortages in pharmaceutical supply chains","display_name":"A cost-sensitive Dueling Double Deep Q-network framework for predicting medicines shortages in pharmaceutical supply chains","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7164049559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009799890","display_name":"Ali Ala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-4732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3289505","display_name":"Dublin Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/051dggm19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3289505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","display_name":"Technological University Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04t0qbt32","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85461943","display_name":"Saveetha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0034me914","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}],"countries":["IE","IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Ala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India","School of Business Technology, Retail, and Supply Chain Management, TU Dublin, Ireland","School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-4732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business Technology, Retail, and Supply Chain Management, TU Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3289505","https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038143390","display_name":"Aram Bahrini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-8708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aram Bahrini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, Gies College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, Gies College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011762896","display_name":"Behnam Malmir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1771-9751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behnam Malmir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, Gies College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, Gies College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067380297","display_name":"Vincent Hargaden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-613X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123295","display_name":"I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/022715v20","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123295"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent Hargaden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing Simulation and Robotics, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1247-613X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing Simulation and Robotics, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933","https://openalex.org/I4210123295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138209988","display_name":"Vladimir Simic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4941-7059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161052","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m1gnk07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161052"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["JP","TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Simic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Informatics, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, the Republic of Korea","Yuan Ze University, College of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Taoyuan City 320315, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4941-7059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Informatics, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, the Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yuan Ze University, College of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Taoyuan City 320315, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009799890","https://openalex.org/A5138209988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933","https://openalex.org/I3289505","https://openalex.org/I4210144925","https://openalex.org/I4210161052","https://openalex.org/I85461943","https://openalex.org/I99908691"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68061562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"331","issue":null,"first_page":"133239","last_page":"133239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11864","display_name":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","score":0.1273999959230423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11864","display_name":"Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management","score":0.1273999959230423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.10970000177621841,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.09390000253915787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shortage","display_name":"Economic shortage","score":0.8004000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.7634999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-industry","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry","score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain-risk-management","display_name":"Supply chain risk management","score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-industry","display_name":"Drug industry","score":0.27639999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.8004000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.7634999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6312000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3698999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779652045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507443","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192639820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1114469","display_name":"Supply chain risk management","level":5,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993777677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507443","display_name":"Drug industry","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992107181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531186","display_name":"Supply side","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.5840414762496948,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008174835","https://openalex.org/W2068861063","https://openalex.org/W2090378144","https://openalex.org/W2125066969","https://openalex.org/W2549154826","https://openalex.org/W2604526922","https://openalex.org/W2922053207","https://openalex.org/W3007161115","https://openalex.org/W3026226282","https://openalex.org/W3136645076","https://openalex.org/W3143943806","https://openalex.org/W3183392358","https://openalex.org/W3184770056","https://openalex.org/W3209781867","https://openalex.org/W3215678989","https://openalex.org/W4205728223","https://openalex.org/W4297237894","https://openalex.org/W4308067623","https://openalex.org/W4311469698","https://openalex.org/W4313594100","https://openalex.org/W4324020367","https://openalex.org/W4366439841","https://openalex.org/W4367399900","https://openalex.org/W4381056754","https://openalex.org/W4384203358","https://openalex.org/W4386458314","https://openalex.org/W4387311392","https://openalex.org/W4388530686","https://openalex.org/W4388575988","https://openalex.org/W4390590913","https://openalex.org/W4391822043","https://openalex.org/W4392815494","https://openalex.org/W4394929567","https://openalex.org/W4396662985","https://openalex.org/W4397039741","https://openalex.org/W4399084287","https://openalex.org/W4400357656","https://openalex.org/W4400608002","https://openalex.org/W4401210380","https://openalex.org/W4404095361","https://openalex.org/W4405180769","https://openalex.org/W4405284819","https://openalex.org/W4406320671","https://openalex.org/W4407173960","https://openalex.org/W4407260086","https://openalex.org/W4407593260","https://openalex.org/W4410737911","https://openalex.org/W4411055186","https://openalex.org/W4411412847","https://openalex.org/W4412725958","https://openalex.org/W4413457510","https://openalex.org/W4413887660","https://openalex.org/W4414542793","https://openalex.org/W4416576731"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-06-10T00:00:00"}