{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415987835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132963","title":"Improving aviation safety analysis: Automated HFACS classification using reinforcement learning with group relative policy optimization","display_name":"Improving aviation safety analysis: Automated HFACS classification using reinforcement learning with group relative policy optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415987835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.21201","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116239878","display_name":"Arash Ahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0369-7387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arash Ahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73019, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0369-7387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73019, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033454223","display_name":"Safura Sharifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4667-6650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah S. Sharif","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73019, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4667-6650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73019, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068910901","display_name":"Yaser Mike Banad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7339-810X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaser M. Banad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73019, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7339-810X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73019, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116239878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00293683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"329","issue":null,"first_page":"132963","last_page":"132963"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.2551000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.2551000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.13459999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.04439999908208847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.732699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.6011999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-safety","display_name":"Aviation safety","score":0.5841000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-aviation","display_name":"Civil aviation","score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-accident","display_name":"Aviation accident","score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.35839998722076416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.732699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6018999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.6011999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538199239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640853","display_name":"Aviation safety","level":3,"score":0.5841000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512918668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206814","display_name":"Civil aviation","level":3,"score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908613842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108284447","display_name":"Aviation accident","level":3,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81155309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184590","display_name":"Runway","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2508.21201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21201","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.21201","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2508.21201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2508.21201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2508.21201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21201","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.21201","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}