{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162293044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132876","title":"MCQsAgent: Towards human-level MCQs generation via collaborative multi-agent AI framework","display_name":"MCQsAgent: Towards human-level MCQs generation via collaborative multi-agent AI framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162293044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122860247","display_name":"Muhammad Raheel Anwar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Raheel Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5834-7786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136961750","display_name":"Shah Khalid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-5863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shah Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-5863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065099281","display_name":"Saied Alshahrani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136004","display_name":"University of Bisha","ror":"https://ror.org/040548g92","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saied Alshahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computing and Information Technology, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computing and Information Technology, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136991784","display_name":"Mohammed Aldawsari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5145-1907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Aldawsari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Information, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5145-1907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Information, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028787159","display_name":"Farman Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9420-1588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farman Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied AI, School of Convergence, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied AI, School of Convergence, College of Computing and Informatics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5136961750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76781514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"329","issue":null,"first_page":"132876","last_page":"132876"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.07129999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.07129999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.057999998331069946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.0478999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.23510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.20890000462532043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.23510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2257000058889389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.22419999539852142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2160000056028366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.21209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.20890000462532043}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319621","display_name":"University of Bisha","ror":"https://ror.org/040548g92"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286639707","https://openalex.org/W4298421151","https://openalex.org/W4318618627","https://openalex.org/W4366245770","https://openalex.org/W4366420437","https://openalex.org/W4391723926","https://openalex.org/W4393086569","https://openalex.org/W4399487593","https://openalex.org/W4400111281","https://openalex.org/W4400395435","https://openalex.org/W4400954734","https://openalex.org/W4403203873","https://openalex.org/W4404058379","https://openalex.org/W4406457735","https://openalex.org/W4406614395","https://openalex.org/W4406802063","https://openalex.org/W4408101837","https://openalex.org/W4408126906","https://openalex.org/W4409150510","https://openalex.org/W7123356317","https://openalex.org/W7133302114"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T08:10:14.011955","created_date":"2026-05-26T00:00:00"}