{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155074928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132503","title":"Energy diffusion prior for infrared small target detection: Build representations for objects instead of scenarios","display_name":"Energy diffusion prior for infrared small target detection: Build representations for objects instead of scenarios","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155074928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134190238","display_name":"Yunfei Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0324-1074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China","Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200237, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0324-1074","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022550580","display_name":"Hai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1161-4337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China","Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200237, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1161-4337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001306574","display_name":"Ganghao Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganghao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China","Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200237, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8124-2268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3759-2041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China","Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200237, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3759-2041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I143593769"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94642412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"324","issue":null,"first_page":"132503","last_page":"132503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9311000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9311000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.023000000044703484,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7522000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5996999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5986999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5354999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4814000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvature","display_name":"Curvature","score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4235999882221222}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.771399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7522000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5996999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5986999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5354999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4814000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.3917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3714999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779222261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624587","display_name":"Thermography","level":3,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7032634019851685,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2006851788","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W2991758591","https://openalex.org/W3039443125","https://openalex.org/W3092404985","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3171950886","https://openalex.org/W4212863773","https://openalex.org/W4309475320","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4382401167","https://openalex.org/W4403295599","https://openalex.org/W4406855871","https://openalex.org/W4414380564","https://openalex.org/W4414521016"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T06:06:40.768181","created_date":"2026-04-22T00:00:00"}
