{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131704491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.131837","title":"Graph attention networks unleashed: A fast and explainable vulnerability assessment framework for microgrids","display_name":"Graph attention networks unleashed: A fast and explainable vulnerability assessment framework for microgrids","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131704491","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.131837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.131837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.131837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6526-6526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410073, Hunan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6526-6526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410073, Hunan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-2942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410073, Hunan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-2942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410073, Hunan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030737811","display_name":"Chenhui Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7455-8793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenhui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100084, Beijing Municipality, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7455-8793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100084, Beijing Municipality, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126883886","display_name":"Kaiwen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiwen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410073, Hunan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-5987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410073, Hunan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-2979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410073, Hunan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-2979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410073, Hunan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40162765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"316","issue":null,"first_page":"131837","last_page":"131837"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.09019999951124191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.09019999951124191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.07800000160932541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.06859999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.6607999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5360999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-flow","display_name":"Power flow","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.3156000077724457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8187999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.6607999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5360999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5254999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986056383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556030","display_name":"Power flow","level":4,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114809511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412924","display_name":"Flow network","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2026.131837","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.131837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.43450674414634705,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971937094","https://openalex.org/W1972978214","https://openalex.org/W2019583062","https://openalex.org/W2041282815","https://openalex.org/W2044672634","https://openalex.org/W2053795794","https://openalex.org/W2136954033","https://openalex.org/W2168283238","https://openalex.org/W2381162371","https://openalex.org/W2547854284","https://openalex.org/W2593192889","https://openalex.org/W2797732511","https://openalex.org/W2802887772","https://openalex.org/W2889691632","https://openalex.org/W2909967461","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2948432599","https://openalex.org/W3015842589","https://openalex.org/W3024952177","https://openalex.org/W3040906831","https://openalex.org/W3127486805","https://openalex.org/W3195037684","https://openalex.org/W3196453104","https://openalex.org/W3209589796","https://openalex.org/W4240402692","https://openalex.org/W4294691168","https://openalex.org/W4313361274","https://openalex.org/W4321380786","https://openalex.org/W4322576648","https://openalex.org/W4327662957","https://openalex.org/W4367146921","https://openalex.org/W4389383489","https://openalex.org/W4390035035","https://openalex.org/W4396775223","https://openalex.org/W4399452740","https://openalex.org/W4400135851","https://openalex.org/W4401581350","https://openalex.org/W4404764371","https://openalex.org/W4405361228","https://openalex.org/W4405907210","https://openalex.org/W4406549842","https://openalex.org/W4408164437","https://openalex.org/W4415796504"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T06:45:51.903784","created_date":"2026-02-27T00:00:00"}