{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216846761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.116264","title":"Vehicle routing problem with drones considering time windows","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem with drones considering time windows","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216846761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.116264","mag":"3216846761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2021.116264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.116264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087725538","display_name":"R.J. Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7553-8070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.J. Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086946777","display_name":"Shih\u2010Hao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-0233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Hao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068709507","display_name":"Pei-Yu Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-Yu Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049229821","display_name":"Setyo Tri Windras Mara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7651-441X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165230279","display_name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6d638","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Setyo Tri Windras Mara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Special Region of Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Special Region of Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049229821"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"],"apc_list":{"value":3220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.1306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":174,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99215907,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"191","issue":null,"first_page":"116264","last_page":"116264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.8853825330734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7372307777404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truck","display_name":"Truck","score":0.6727471351623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.6465288400650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.6336919069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-neighborhood-search","display_name":"Variable neighborhood search","score":0.6270753741264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5935648679733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendezvous","display_name":"Rendezvous","score":0.5030993819236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4828791916370392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4697604179382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.46731728315353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.464111864566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33802932500839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.21152383089065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1712649166584015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.15122759342193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11367401480674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10076022148132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.09515461325645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.08919662237167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08548876643180847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.8853825330734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7372307777404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52121051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43193","display_name":"Truck","level":2,"score":0.6727471351623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.6465288400650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.6336919069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776435737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915703","display_name":"Variable neighborhood search","level":3,"score":0.6270753741264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5935648679733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779968344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3932925","display_name":"Rendezvous","level":3,"score":0.5030993819236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4828791916370392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4697604179382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.46731728315353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.464111864566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33802932500839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.21152383089065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1712649166584015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.15122759342193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11367401480674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10076022148132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.09515461325645447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.08919662237167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08548876643180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2021.116264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.116264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977319619","https://openalex.org/W1979488556","https://openalex.org/W2010334716","https://openalex.org/W2035874923","https://openalex.org/W2058995871","https://openalex.org/W2062114635","https://openalex.org/W2066086285","https://openalex.org/W2068750753","https://openalex.org/W2069090104","https://openalex.org/W2072712302","https://openalex.org/W2096305430","https://openalex.org/W2106378689","https://openalex.org/W2109101401","https://openalex.org/W2116675171","https://openalex.org/W2166484956","https://openalex.org/W2224737250","https://openalex.org/W2245682929","https://openalex.org/W2338097341","https://openalex.org/W2339920315","https://openalex.org/W2342478160","https://openalex.org/W2462800345","https://openalex.org/W2478623436","https://openalex.org/W2509755532","https://openalex.org/W2583916352","https://openalex.org/W2587548043","https://openalex.org/W2621937623","https://openalex.org/W2754599614","https://openalex.org/W2761024934","https://openalex.org/W2765355161","https://openalex.org/W2784102161","https://openalex.org/W2792557859","https://openalex.org/W2792734736","https://openalex.org/W2793472661","https://openalex.org/W2793500810","https://openalex.org/W2796035444","https://openalex.org/W2796596851","https://openalex.org/W2797774162","https://openalex.org/W2800649041","https://openalex.org/W2802948916","https://openalex.org/W2891237389","https://openalex.org/W2898326709","https://openalex.org/W2903944199","https://openalex.org/W2910105989","https://openalex.org/W2915338839","https://openalex.org/W2921047495","https://openalex.org/W2927378423","https://openalex.org/W2935841433","https://openalex.org/W2940865666","https://openalex.org/W2943166133","https://openalex.org/W2947073481","https://openalex.org/W2960435743","https://openalex.org/W2963421154","https://openalex.org/W2963624642","https://openalex.org/W2969952159","https://openalex.org/W2973603239","https://openalex.org/W2979415718","https://openalex.org/W2996796639","https://openalex.org/W3006380536","https://openalex.org/W3010476620","https://openalex.org/W3011794261","https://openalex.org/W3015829695","https://openalex.org/W3032947628","https://openalex.org/W3083121273","https://openalex.org/W3084064394","https://openalex.org/W3089258357","https://openalex.org/W3099096819","https://openalex.org/W3125377832","https://openalex.org/W4211146621","https://openalex.org/W4238463267","https://openalex.org/W6721259297","https://openalex.org/W6754709495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372463611","https://openalex.org/W2474040433","https://openalex.org/W2990508582","https://openalex.org/W2084151425","https://openalex.org/W4294904133","https://openalex.org/W2606053784","https://openalex.org/W4317824999","https://openalex.org/W3200697270","https://openalex.org/W2610428406","https://openalex.org/W2056203753"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}