{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123347110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106874","title":"SPAR-TC: A framework for accounting spatial representativeness in triple collocation","display_name":"SPAR-TC: A framework for accounting spatial representativeness in triple collocation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123347110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113611870","display_name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","issn_l":"1364-8152","issn":["1364-8152","1873-6726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Modelling &amp; Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122872460","display_name":"Diksha Gupta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diksha Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122878290","display_name":"C.T. Dhanya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C.T. Dhanya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122878290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1141972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"198","issue":null,"first_page":"106874","last_page":"106874"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9567999839782715,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9567999839782715,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.02459999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representativeness-heuristic","display_name":"Representativeness heuristic","score":0.8945000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collocation","display_name":"Collocation (remote sensing)","score":0.6473000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5516999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-variability","display_name":"Spatial variability","score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-of-uncertainty","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-error","display_name":"Observational error","score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.38260000944137573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37381756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20203288","display_name":"Representativeness heuristic","level":2,"score":0.8945000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80023036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147531","display_name":"Collocation (remote sensing)","level":2,"score":0.6473000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5516999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123614077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364905","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4936000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125572338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440020","display_name":"Geostatistics","level":3,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202799725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272035","display_name":"Accuracy and precision","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180478619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574066","display_name":"Spatial heterogeneity","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113611870","display_name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","issn_l":"1364-8152","issn":["1364-8152","1873-6726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Modelling &amp; Software","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570698328","https://openalex.org/W1804767547","https://openalex.org/W1826718253","https://openalex.org/W1963726388","https://openalex.org/W1969645208","https://openalex.org/W1996985824","https://openalex.org/W2008935988","https://openalex.org/W2037093424","https://openalex.org/W2101108516","https://openalex.org/W2105753217","https://openalex.org/W2108451987","https://openalex.org/W2110231645","https://openalex.org/W2138394344","https://openalex.org/W2152161733","https://openalex.org/W2155444674","https://openalex.org/W2167962096","https://openalex.org/W2169376978","https://openalex.org/W2170280355","https://openalex.org/W2181460351","https://openalex.org/W2251884733","https://openalex.org/W2261645655","https://openalex.org/W2523419686","https://openalex.org/W2594514080","https://openalex.org/W2732532057","https://openalex.org/W2768830199","https://openalex.org/W2772509791","https://openalex.org/W2784104309","https://openalex.org/W2789707096","https://openalex.org/W2800822478","https://openalex.org/W2801238510","https://openalex.org/W2804273873","https://openalex.org/W2981730281","https://openalex.org/W3008294212","https://openalex.org/W3023439803","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3037599209","https://openalex.org/W3093284072","https://openalex.org/W3096409134","https://openalex.org/W3174310983","https://openalex.org/W3212350917","https://openalex.org/W4200129483","https://openalex.org/W4226026655","https://openalex.org/W4295414279","https://openalex.org/W4404701888","https://openalex.org/W4407926446"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-21T23:30:37.877113","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
