{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118794369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106865","title":"AI-driven knowledge synthesis for food web parameterisation","display_name":"AI-driven knowledge synthesis for food web parameterisation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118794369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113611870","display_name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","issn_l":"1364-8152","issn":["1364-8152","1873-6726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Modelling &amp; Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106865","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088101398","display_name":"Scott Spillias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1310-5202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281210470","display_name":"CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere","ror":"https://ror.org/026nh4520","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281210470","https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118312","display_name":"Centre for Marine Socioecology","ror":"https://ror.org/02xhx4j26","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I129801699","https://openalex.org/I1330876588","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210118312","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Spillias","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO Environment, Hobart, Australia","Centre for Marine Socio-Ecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1310-5202","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO Environment, Hobart, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281210470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Marine Socio-Ecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118312","https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030759745","display_name":"Elizabeth A. Fulton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-7917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281210470","display_name":"CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere","ror":"https://ror.org/026nh4520","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281210470","https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118312","display_name":"Centre for Marine Socioecology","ror":"https://ror.org/02xhx4j26","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I129801699","https://openalex.org/I1330876588","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210118312","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth A. Fulton","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO Environment, Hobart, Australia","Centre for Marine Socio-Ecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-7917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO Environment, Hobart, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281210470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Marine Socio-Ecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118312","https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089162964","display_name":"Fabio Boschetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8999-6913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118312","display_name":"Centre for Marine Socioecology","ror":"https://ror.org/02xhx4j26","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I129801699","https://openalex.org/I1330876588","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210118312","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Boschetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO Environment, IOMRC Crawley, Australia","Centre for Marine Socio-Ecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia","Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8999-6913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO Environment, IOMRC Crawley, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Marine Socio-Ecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118312","https://openalex.org/I129801699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122033412","display_name":"Cathy Bulman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281210470","display_name":"CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere","ror":"https://ror.org/026nh4520","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281210470","https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cathy Bulman","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO Environment, Hobart, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-4615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO Environment, Hobart, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281210470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020932320","display_name":"Joanna Strzelecki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-2932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna Strzelecki","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO Environment, IOMRC Crawley, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-2932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO Environment, IOMRC Crawley, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033910984","display_name":"Rowan Trebilco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-8016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281210470","display_name":"CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere","ror":"https://ror.org/026nh4520","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281210470","https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118312","display_name":"Centre for Marine Socioecology","ror":"https://ror.org/02xhx4j26","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I129801699","https://openalex.org/I1330876588","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210118312","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rowan Trebilco","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO Environment, Hobart, Australia","Centre for Marine Socio-Ecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-8016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO Environment, Hobart, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281210470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Marine Socio-Ecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118312","https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088101398"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281210470","https://openalex.org/I129801699","https://openalex.org/I4210118312"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06900452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"197","issue":null,"first_page":"106865","last_page":"106865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.5016000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.5016000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12640","display_name":"Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies","score":0.10540000349283218,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10230","display_name":"Marine and fisheries research","score":0.09560000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trophic-level","display_name":"Trophic level","score":0.7688000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-web","display_name":"Food web","score":0.5965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.5701000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5612999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spell","display_name":"Spell","score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity","display_name":"Biodiversity","score":0.41769999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-network","display_name":"Ecological network","score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem-model","display_name":"Ecosystem model","score":0.33500000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72958200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053008","display_name":"Trophic level","level":2,"score":0.7688000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109931610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1775153","display_name":"Food web","level":3,"score":0.5965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.5701000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5612999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5472999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780957641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999796","display_name":"Spell","level":2,"score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.41769999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36811481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333246","display_name":"Ecological network","level":3,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64107356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295046","display_name":"Ecosystem model","level":3,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189592816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427626","display_name":"Taxonomic rank","level":3,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71640776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16521","display_name":"Taxon","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83042747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686881","display_name":"Benthic zone","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113611870","display_name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","issn_l":"1364-8152","issn":["1364-8152","1873-6726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Modelling &amp; Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/72e58870-b4df-4729-97e6-9c15d1490e67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/72e58870-b4df-4729-97e6-9c15d1490e67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spillias, S, Fulton, E A, Boschetti, F, Bulman, C, Strzelecki, J & Trebilco, R 2026, 'AI-driven knowledge synthesis for food web parameterisation', Environmental Modelling and Software, vol. 197, 106865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106865","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113611870","display_name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","issn_l":"1364-8152","issn":["1364-8152","1873-6726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Modelling &amp; Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7113332152366638,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320386","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990566709","https://openalex.org/W2017148881","https://openalex.org/W2017468987","https://openalex.org/W2023587118","https://openalex.org/W2049916132","https://openalex.org/W2054811626","https://openalex.org/W2100604821","https://openalex.org/W2110310854","https://openalex.org/W2141613880","https://openalex.org/W2154555587","https://openalex.org/W2286380963","https://openalex.org/W2886392734","https://openalex.org/W2899160595","https://openalex.org/W2954081892","https://openalex.org/W2964216155","https://openalex.org/W2971429758","https://openalex.org/W3086892924","https://openalex.org/W3163993681","https://openalex.org/W3168006763","https://openalex.org/W4205127571","https://openalex.org/W4210883322","https://openalex.org/W4393284528","https://openalex.org/W4401268044","https://openalex.org/W4401344002","https://openalex.org/W4405654551"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,63],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,68,155],"proof-of-concept":[3],"framework,":[4],"Synthesising":[5],"Parameters":[6],"for":[7,26,98,148,158],"Ecosystem":[8],"modelling":[9],"with":[10,93,134,180,219],"LLMs":[11],"(SPELL),":[12],"that":[13],"automates":[14,173],"species":[15,31,50,80,174],"grouping":[16,81,175],"and":[17,38,53,85,118,132,151,166,176,206],"diet":[18,177,209],"matrix":[19,178],"generation":[20],"to":[21,231],"accelerate":[22],"food":[23,96],"web":[24,97],"construction":[25],"ecosystem":[27,225],"models.":[28],"SPELL":[29,153,202],"retrieves":[30],"lists,":[32],"classifies":[33],"them":[34],"into":[35],"functional":[36],"groups,":[37],"synthesizes":[39],"trophic":[40,89,121,162,187],"interactions":[41,90,188],"by":[42],"integrating":[43],"global":[44,217],"biodiversity":[45],"databases":[46,218],"(e.g.,":[47],"FishBase,":[48],"GLOBI),":[49],"interaction":[51],"repositories,":[52],"optionally":[54],"curated":[55],"local":[56,221],"knowledge":[57],"using":[58],"Large":[59],"Language":[60],"Models":[61],"(LLMs).":[62],"validate":[64],"the":[65,99,143],"approach":[66],"through":[67],"marine":[69,165],"case":[70],"study":[71],"across":[72,196],"four":[73],"Australian":[74,101],"regions,":[75],"achieving":[76],"high":[77,190],"reproducibility":[78],"in":[79,88,164],"(":[82],"<":[83,211],"99.7%)":[84],"moderate":[86],"consistency":[87],"(51%\u201359%).":[91],"Comparison":[92],"an":[94],"expert-derived":[95],"Great":[100],"Bight":[102],"indicates":[103],"strong":[104],"but":[105],"incomplete":[106],"ecological":[107],"accuracy:":[108],"92.6%":[109],"of":[110,120,145,161,186,208],"group":[111],"assignments":[112],"were":[113,123],"at":[114],"least":[115],"partially":[116],"correct":[117],"82%":[119],"links":[122],"identified.":[124],"Specialized":[125],"groups":[126],"such":[127],"as":[128],"benthic":[129],"organisms,":[130],"parasites,":[131],"taxa":[133],"variable":[135],"feeding":[136],"strategies":[137],"remain":[138],"challenging.":[139],"These":[140],"findings":[141],"highlight":[142],"importance":[144],"expert":[146,200],"review":[147],"fine-scale":[149],"accuracy":[150],"suggest":[152],"is":[154],"generalizable":[156],"tool":[157],"rapid":[159],"prototyping":[160],"structures":[163],"potentially":[167],"non-marine":[168],"ecosystems.":[169],"\u2022":[170,184,198,213,223],"LLM-based":[171],"framework":[172],"creation":[179],">":[181,194],"99.7%":[182],"consistency.":[183],"51%\u201359%":[185],"show":[189],"stability":[191],"(stability":[192],"score":[193],"0.7)":[195],"iterations.":[197],"In":[199],"comparison,":[201],"achieved":[203],"81.6%":[204],"agreement":[205],"80%":[207],"differences":[210],"0.2.":[212],"LLM-driven":[214],"synthesis":[215],"integrates":[216],"unstructured":[220],"knowledge.":[222],"Reduces":[224],"model":[226],"development":[227],"time":[228],"from":[229],"months":[230],"hours.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}