{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116855816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2009.02.005","title":"Improved Continuous Approximation of PEPA Models through Epidemiological Examples","display_name":"Improved Continuous Approximation of PEPA Models through Epidemiological Examples","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116855816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2009.02.005","mag":"2116855816"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.entcs.2009.02.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2009.02.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50368787","display_name":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"1571-0661","issn":["1571-0661"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2009.02.005","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011239440","display_name":"Soufiene Benkirane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soufiene Benkirane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK","Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035860397","display_name":"Jane Hillston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4914-9255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Hillston","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK","Sch. of Informatics, Univ. of Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Informatics, Univ. of Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074015596","display_name":"Chris McCaig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8833-3173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris McCaig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK","Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068524565","display_name":"Rachel Norman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7398-6064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Norman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK","Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060791188","display_name":"Carron Shankland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-2884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carron Shankland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK","Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060791188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95101483,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"229","issue":"1","first_page":"59","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ode","display_name":"Ode","score":0.8388710021972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ordinary-differential-equation","display_name":"Ordinary differential equation","score":0.6981646418571472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6230431795120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.5868891477584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47913071513175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4639216661453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-calculus","display_name":"Process calculus","score":0.44328856468200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4201541543006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.3469487428665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3266040086746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-equation","display_name":"Differential equation","score":0.27404582500457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.24458041787147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.12511169910430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.09576493501663208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34862557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178985","display_name":"Ode","level":2,"score":0.8388710021972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51544822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465274","display_name":"Ordinary differential equation","level":3,"score":0.6981646418571472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6230431795120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5868891477584839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47913071513175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4639216661453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161771561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970286","display_name":"Process calculus","level":2,"score":0.44328856468200684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4201541543006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.3469487428665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3266040086746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78045399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11214","display_name":"Differential equation","level":2,"score":0.27404582500457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.24458041787147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.12511169910430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.09576493501663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.entcs.2009.02.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2009.02.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50368787","display_name":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"1571-0661","issn":["1571-0661"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/30ea2916-d94b-4cf6-b6fc-3f83b1fb2b74","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/30ea2916-d94b-4cf6-b6fc-3f83b1fb2b74","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Benkirane, S, Hillston, J, McCaig, C, Norman, R & Shankland, C 2009, 'Improved Continuous Approximation of PEPA Models Through Epidemiological Examples', Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 229, no. 1, pp. 59-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2009.02.005","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.219.565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.219.565","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.stir.ac.uk/~ces/Papers/fbtc08.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/30ea2916-d94b-4cf6-b6fc-3f83b1fb2b74","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066109000103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:45966","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/45966/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.entcs.2009.02.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2009.02.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S50368787","display_name":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science","issn_l":"1571-0661","issn":["1571-0661"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2787210966","display_name":"System Dynamics from Individual Interactions: A process algebra approach to epidemiology","funder_award_id":"EP/E006280/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2850645154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2007-2010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5966164115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/E006280/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321096","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W837895197","https://openalex.org/W1555127577","https://openalex.org/W1568746080","https://openalex.org/W1587845087","https://openalex.org/W2021089599","https://openalex.org/W2030014256","https://openalex.org/W2054197901","https://openalex.org/W2062442550","https://openalex.org/W2090616884","https://openalex.org/W2106190666","https://openalex.org/W2111390218","https://openalex.org/W2130429899","https://openalex.org/W2148301044","https://openalex.org/W2155418451","https://openalex.org/W2162656684","https://openalex.org/W2164990576","https://openalex.org/W2171498329","https://openalex.org/W4210827858","https://openalex.org/W6634217872","https://openalex.org/W6635250474","https://openalex.org/W6676672223","https://openalex.org/W6685491276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082668976","https://openalex.org/W2517973022","https://openalex.org/W1543121148","https://openalex.org/W1580703421","https://openalex.org/W2618518959","https://openalex.org/W2231364979","https://openalex.org/W4295745414","https://openalex.org/W4382202915","https://openalex.org/W4288093367","https://openalex.org/W2489516236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,34],"present":[1],"two":[2],"individual":[3],"based":[4],"models":[5,16,47,61,98],"of":[6,20,66,74,104],"disease":[7,21,60],"systems":[8],"using":[9,48],"PEPA":[10,46],"(Performance":[11],"Evaluation":[12],"Process":[13],"Algebra).":[14],"The":[15],"explore":[17],"contrasting":[18],"mechanisms":[19],"transmission:":[22],"direct":[23],"transmission":[24,29],"(e.g.":[25,30],"measles)":[26],"and":[27,52,62,82,92],"indirect":[28],"malaria,":[31],"via":[32],"mosquitos).":[33],"extract":[35],"ordinary":[36],"differential":[37],"equations":[38],"(ODEs)":[39],"as":[40],"a":[41],"continuous":[42],"approximation":[43],"to":[44,70,93],"the":[45,49,56,64,71,83],"Hillston":[50,72],"method":[51,73],"compare":[53,86],"these":[54],"with":[55,63,88],"traditionally":[57],"used":[58],"ODE":[59,75],"results":[65,85,91],"stochastic":[67,89],"simulation.":[68],"Improvements":[69],"extraction":[76],"for":[77,96],"this":[78],"context":[79],"are":[80],"proposed,":[81],"new":[84],"favourably":[87],"simulation":[90],"ODEs":[94],"derived":[95],"equivalent":[97],"in":[99],"WSCCS":[100],"(Weighted":[101],"Synchronous":[102],"Calculus":[103],"Communicating":[105],"Systems).":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
