{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165141244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115408","title":"Optimizing Internet of Things security: Artificial neural networks algorithms performance in authentication and authorization via physical layer features","display_name":"Optimizing Internet of Things security: Artificial neural networks algorithms performance in authentication and authorization via physical layer features","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165141244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S900972176","display_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-1976","issn":["0952-1976","1873-6769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032365465","display_name":"Kazi Istiaque Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4478-1294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kazi Istiaque Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138927030","display_name":"Mohammad Tahir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["FI","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Tahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India","Department of Computing, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138902930","display_name":"Zheng Jiangbin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Jiangbin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002606307","display_name":"Sian Lun Lau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-7774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84339108","display_name":"Sunway University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mjt7f73","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sian Lun Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering & Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Technology, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053986026","display_name":"Mohamed Hadi Habaebi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-0850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132398649","display_name":"International Islamic College","ror":"https://ror.org/01hssw521","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132398649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","display_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/03s9hs139","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Hadi Habaebi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 53100, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 53100, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132398649","https://openalex.org/I4164984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138863291","display_name":"Abdul Ahad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Ahad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032365465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":3170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3170},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77228176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"181","issue":null,"first_page":"115408","last_page":"115408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.15760000050067902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.15760000050067902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.11949999630451202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.11150000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6215999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5855000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.5029000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4681999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.38519999384880066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9010999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6215999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5855000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5464000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5436000227928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.5029000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4681999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.43230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190793597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189768","display_name":"Application layer","level":3,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132648","display_name":"Quality of experience","level":3,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14982408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11006334","display_name":"Network Access Control","level":4,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S900972176","display_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-1976","issn":["0952-1976","1873-6769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:129546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400713","display_name":"The International Islamic University Malaysia Repository (The International Islamic University Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4164984","host_organization_name":"International Islamic University Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4164984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153644609","https://openalex.org/W2431890594","https://openalex.org/W2810652557","https://openalex.org/W2883152494","https://openalex.org/W2883778764","https://openalex.org/W2889870023","https://openalex.org/W2891145243","https://openalex.org/W2901658766","https://openalex.org/W2940914837","https://openalex.org/W2941924863","https://openalex.org/W2945594226","https://openalex.org/W2946190791","https://openalex.org/W3000492549","https://openalex.org/W3004784061","https://openalex.org/W3007939291","https://openalex.org/W3092545670","https://openalex.org/W3108962068","https://openalex.org/W3119693685","https://openalex.org/W3124111964","https://openalex.org/W3126521334","https://openalex.org/W3183608804","https://openalex.org/W3185833044","https://openalex.org/W3200179713","https://openalex.org/W4206759327","https://openalex.org/W4211091296","https://openalex.org/W4297094574","https://openalex.org/W4298335015","https://openalex.org/W4306658546","https://openalex.org/W4306827119","https://openalex.org/W4315433082","https://openalex.org/W4315784734","https://openalex.org/W4385802124","https://openalex.org/W4386387443","https://openalex.org/W4390939356","https://openalex.org/W4391640384","https://openalex.org/W4393191773","https://openalex.org/W4399264644","https://openalex.org/W4399362473","https://openalex.org/W4407011296","https://openalex.org/W4414754074","https://openalex.org/W7130363991"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-06-19T00:00:00"}