{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162773908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115215","title":"Provably-safe neural controllers for safety-critical systems","display_name":"Provably-safe neural controllers for safety-critical systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162773908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S900972176","display_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-1976","issn":["0952-1976","1873-6769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115215","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092253163","display_name":"Mu\u2019taz A. Momani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mu\u2019taz A. Momani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137320311","display_name":"Mehdi Hosseinzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8318-7947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Hosseinzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8318-7947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5137320311"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"],"apc_list":{"value":3170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3170},"apc_paid":{"value":3170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3170},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80237488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"179","issue":null,"first_page":"115215","last_page":"115215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.10440000146627426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.10440000146627426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.052400000393390656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.05220000073313713,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.2549999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986949344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9404","display_name":"Neural system","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S900972176","display_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-1976","issn":["0952-1976","1873-6769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S900972176","display_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-1976","issn":["0952-1976","1873-6769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1034159276","https://openalex.org/W1991622368","https://openalex.org/W2052067398","https://openalex.org/W2066769138","https://openalex.org/W2076738229","https://openalex.org/W2083195399","https://openalex.org/W2291235157","https://openalex.org/W2291537719","https://openalex.org/W2513988836","https://openalex.org/W2536620281","https://openalex.org/W2605908459","https://openalex.org/W2743309273","https://openalex.org/W2883529420","https://openalex.org/W2885194867","https://openalex.org/W2886013082","https://openalex.org/W2888316225","https://openalex.org/W2909709388","https://openalex.org/W2932199789","https://openalex.org/W2941000824","https://openalex.org/W2965867973","https://openalex.org/W2967373368","https://openalex.org/W2968945909","https://openalex.org/W2991303041","https://openalex.org/W3007031763","https://openalex.org/W3011249019","https://openalex.org/W3022782115","https://openalex.org/W3089996785","https://openalex.org/W3093375785","https://openalex.org/W3110700750","https://openalex.org/W3119221095","https://openalex.org/W3132696407","https://openalex.org/W3138330110","https://openalex.org/W3155291786","https://openalex.org/W3180689527","https://openalex.org/W3183528811","https://openalex.org/W4210602174","https://openalex.org/W4221161265","https://openalex.org/W4312654759","https://openalex.org/W4322733148","https://openalex.org/W4386174033","https://openalex.org/W4398187780","https://openalex.org/W4401631335","https://openalex.org/W4402624667","https://openalex.org/W4405577576","https://openalex.org/W4408566536","https://openalex.org/W4412037602","https://openalex.org/W4413392804","https://openalex.org/W4414223064","https://openalex.org/W4414223098","https://openalex.org/W4414905038"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,32,169],"Explicit":[1],"Reference":[2],"Governor":[3],"(ERG)":[4],"is":[5,35,92,160,172],"a":[6,22,115,157,188],"simple":[7],"and":[8,42,126,136,185,200],"systematic":[9],"method":[10,159],"for":[11,206],"handling":[12],"constraints":[13,38,85],"in":[14,102,175,191],"safety-critical":[15,103,178,208],"systems":[16,104],"that":[17,56,120],"have":[18],"been":[19],"pre-stabilized":[20,62],"with":[21,105],"nominal":[23],"controller,":[24],"by":[25],"adjusting":[26],"the":[27,40,50,53,58,61,84,89,98,123,134,139,143,150,197,203],"applied":[28],"reference":[29],"as":[30],"needed.":[31],"core":[33],"idea":[34],"to":[36,154,162,187],"convert":[37],"on":[39,49],"state":[41],"control":[43],"input":[44],"into":[45],"an":[46,75],"upper":[47,68],"bound":[48,69],"magnitude":[51],"of":[52,60,100,138,202],"Lyapunov":[54,90],"function":[55,91],"establishes":[57],"stability":[59],"system.":[63],"In":[64],"general,":[65],"computing":[66],"this":[67,111],"at":[70],"each":[71],"time":[72],"requires":[73],"solving":[74],"optimization":[76,124],"problem,":[77],"which":[78],"can":[79],"be":[80],"computationally":[81],"intensive\u2014especially":[82],"when":[83],"are":[86],"non-convex":[87],"and/or":[88],"mathematically":[93],"complex.":[94],"This":[95],"limitation":[96],"hinders":[97],"applicability":[99],"ERG":[101,118],"limited":[106],"computational":[107,130,192],"resources.":[108],"To":[109],"overcome":[110],"challenge,":[112],"we":[113],"introduce":[114],"neural":[116,144],"network\u2013augmented":[117],"framework":[119],"directly":[121],"approximates":[122],"solution":[125,146,152],"substantially":[127],"reduces":[128],"online":[129],"effort":[131],"while":[132],"retaining":[133],"structure":[135],"guarantees":[137],"original":[140],"ERG.":[141],"Since":[142],"network-generated":[145],"inevitably":[147],"deviates":[148],"from":[149],"exact":[151],"due":[153],"approximation":[155],"errors,":[156],"complementary":[158],"introduced":[161],"guarantee":[163],"constraint":[164,183],"satisfaction":[165,184],"despite":[166],"these":[167],"inaccuracies.":[168],"proposed":[170,204],"methodology":[171],"validated":[173],"experimentally":[174],"two":[176],"real-world":[177],"applications,":[179],"demonstrating":[180],"consistent":[181],"anytime":[182],"up":[186],"1283-fold":[189],"reduction":[190],"load.":[193],"These":[194],"results":[195],"highlight":[196],"practicality,":[198],"scalability,":[199],"effectiveness":[201],"approach":[205],"resource-constrained,":[207],"systems.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-21T06:12:48.119943","created_date":"2026-05-30T00:00:00"}
