{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161551659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115078","title":"Explainable optical information flow neural network","display_name":"Explainable optical information flow neural network","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161551659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115078"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S900972176","display_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-1976","issn":["0952-1976","1873-6769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136415155","display_name":"Xunman Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152629","display_name":"Eastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e2ncr14","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunman Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Sensing and Optoelectronic Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Sensing and Optoelectronic Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136379240","display_name":"Yanbing Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanbing Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sydney Smart Technology College, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sydney Smart Technology College, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136359727","display_name":"Chao Lian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152629","display_name":"Eastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e2ncr14","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Sensing and Optoelectronic Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Sensing and Optoelectronic Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136391333","display_name":"Zhiyou Guan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyou Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136394397","display_name":"Haofu Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152629","display_name":"Eastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e2ncr14","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haofu Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Sensing and Optoelectronic Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Sensing and Optoelectronic Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136392789","display_name":"Fangyin Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152629","display_name":"Eastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e2ncr14","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangyin Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136389153","display_name":"Weiyi Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152629","display_name":"Eastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e2ncr14","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiyi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Sensing and Optoelectronic Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Sensing and Optoelectronic Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136435823","display_name":"Bin Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103157897","display_name":"Lianjiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-1615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152629","display_name":"Eastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e2ncr14","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lianjiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Sensing and Optoelectronic Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Sensing and Optoelectronic Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010455569","display_name":"Yuliang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-7404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152629","display_name":"Eastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e2ncr14","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuliang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Sensing and Optoelectronic Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Sensing and Optoelectronic Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010455569","https://openalex.org/A5103157897","https://openalex.org/A5136359727","https://openalex.org/A5136389153"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152629"],"apc_list":{"value":3170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3170},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60351093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"178","issue":null,"first_page":"115078","last_page":"115078"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.6141999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.6141999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.07010000199079514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.06289999932050705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-flow","display_name":"Information flow","score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.3824999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9004999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6107000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779136372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10283002","display_name":"Information flow","level":2,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.26159998774528503}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.115078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S900972176","display_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-1976","issn":["0952-1976","1873-6769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322429","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005367107","https://openalex.org/W3201635246","https://openalex.org/W4210678178","https://openalex.org/W4210903955","https://openalex.org/W4224230999","https://openalex.org/W4282039959","https://openalex.org/W4292664320","https://openalex.org/W4308805990","https://openalex.org/W4312220016","https://openalex.org/W4389132751","https://openalex.org/W4392104222","https://openalex.org/W4392404203","https://openalex.org/W4400698087","https://openalex.org/W4406279543","https://openalex.org/W4408742608","https://openalex.org/W4411068622","https://openalex.org/W4412472324","https://openalex.org/W4413277187","https://openalex.org/W7083584281","https://openalex.org/W7123335326","https://openalex.org/W7125913058","https://openalex.org/W7135095746","https://openalex.org/W7160849839"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2026-05-19T00:00:00"}