{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417047117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.113419","title":"Integrating blockchain and machine learning for secure energy transactions in smart grids","display_name":"Integrating blockchain and machine learning for secure energy transactions in smart grids","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417047117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.113419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2025.113419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.113419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S900972176","display_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-1976","issn":["0952-1976","1873-6769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116188977","display_name":"Mohamad Zafar Iqbal Badar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8458-9048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106663880","display_name":"University of Bahrain","ror":"https://ror.org/0317ekv86","country_code":"BH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106663880"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8541234","display_name":"University College of Bahrain","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2z1b30","country_code":"BH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8541234"]}],"countries":["BH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Zafar Iqbal Badar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106663880","https://openalex.org/I8541234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069531966","display_name":"Mohammed Majid M. Al-Khalidy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9723-0405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106663880","display_name":"University of Bahrain","ror":"https://ror.org/0317ekv86","country_code":"BH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106663880"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8541234","display_name":"University College of Bahrain","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2z1b30","country_code":"BH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8541234"]}],"countries":["BH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Majid M. Al-Khalidy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106663880","https://openalex.org/I8541234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069531966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106663880","https://openalex.org/I8541234"],"apc_list":{"value":3170,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3170},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1617,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84662515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"165","issue":null,"first_page":"113419","last_page":"113419"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.451200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.451200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.32019999623298645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.08320000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6315000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5094000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.46219998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4237000048160553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8701000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6565999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6315000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5946000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.5101000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5094000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.46219998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2025.113419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2025.113419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S900972176","display_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-1976","issn":["0952-1976","1873-6769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321167","display_name":"University of Bahrain","ror":"https://ror.org/0317ekv86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2948768133","https://openalex.org/W3083906615","https://openalex.org/W3132166193","https://openalex.org/W3137058877","https://openalex.org/W3192853820","https://openalex.org/W3205223161","https://openalex.org/W4306649908","https://openalex.org/W4312623124","https://openalex.org/W4320496187","https://openalex.org/W4385348479","https://openalex.org/W4388106173","https://openalex.org/W4388302078","https://openalex.org/W4390847988","https://openalex.org/W4391023290","https://openalex.org/W4391053798","https://openalex.org/W4391480262","https://openalex.org/W4392303499","https://openalex.org/W4392655856","https://openalex.org/W4399089638","https://openalex.org/W4399452727","https://openalex.org/W4403164346","https://openalex.org/W4405095382","https://openalex.org/W4407622877","https://openalex.org/W4411980201","https://openalex.org/W4412631624"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-05T00:00:00"}