{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131359543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.027","title":"Merger remedies in frontier-based regulation","display_name":"Merger remedies in frontier-based regulation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131359543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103321696","display_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0377-2217","issn":["0377-2217","1872-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.027","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124327369","display_name":"Peter Bogetoft","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Bogetoft","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2173-2791","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074037891","display_name":"Richard Kali\u0161","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-9600"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Kali\u0161","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-9600","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24822183,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"332","issue":"3","first_page":"1016","last_page":"1031"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.33079999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.33079999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14102","display_name":"Corporate Governance and Law","score":0.11699999868869781,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.02969999983906746,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.9014000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.6827999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-scale","display_name":"Economies of scale","score":0.6297000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.5906000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-frontier","display_name":"Efficient frontier","score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"Balance (ability)","score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.3846000134944916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.9014000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.6827999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29321873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970087","display_name":"Economies of scale","level":2,"score":0.6297000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5906000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5443999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5224999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51485801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16966861","display_name":"Efficient frontier","level":3,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454688","display_name":"Cost reduction","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11644782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401790","display_name":"Cost efficiency","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182299520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289588","display_name":"Total cost","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183206440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46834","display_name":"Balance sheet","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q731112","display_name":"Mergers and acquisitions","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777313351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370301","display_name":"Economies of scope","level":3,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103321696","display_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0377-2217","issn":["0377-2217","1872-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-api.cbs.dk:openaire_cris_publications/c40293c8-7318-42a2-bcdd-fd88f77b9d20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.cbs.dk/en/publications/c40293c8-7318-42a2-bcdd-fd88f77b9d20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401458","display_name":"CBS Research Portal (Copenhagen Business School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","host_organization_name":"Copenhagen Business School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bogetoft, P & Kalis, R 2026, 'Merger Remedies in Frontier-Based Regulation', European Journal of Operational Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.027","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-api.cbs.dk:publications/c40293c8-7318-42a2-bcdd-fd88f77b9d20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10398/c40293c8-7318-42a2-bcdd-fd88f77b9d20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401458","display_name":"CBS Research Portal (Copenhagen Business School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","host_organization_name":"Copenhagen Business School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bogetoft, P & Kalis, R 2026, 'Merger Remedies in Frontier-Based Regulation', European Journal of Operational Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.027","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103321696","display_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0377-2217","issn":["0377-2217","1872-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322928","display_name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","ror":"https://ror.org/02sptwz63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122393492","https://openalex.org/W1488950834","https://openalex.org/W1509932730","https://openalex.org/W1530241561","https://openalex.org/W1973773546","https://openalex.org/W1987192819","https://openalex.org/W1991703446","https://openalex.org/W2020208967","https://openalex.org/W2085689343","https://openalex.org/W2087523526","https://openalex.org/W2088192631","https://openalex.org/W2088821051","https://openalex.org/W2106274279","https://openalex.org/W2111527933","https://openalex.org/W2132416541","https://openalex.org/W2145277151","https://openalex.org/W2145881208","https://openalex.org/W2183286169","https://openalex.org/W2288706191","https://openalex.org/W2414244240","https://openalex.org/W2769287387","https://openalex.org/W2899023615","https://openalex.org/W2942117917","https://openalex.org/W2962728361","https://openalex.org/W2970370536","https://openalex.org/W2993352945","https://openalex.org/W3040985865","https://openalex.org/W3122473365","https://openalex.org/W3126083266","https://openalex.org/W3167690950","https://openalex.org/W4206025131","https://openalex.org/W4389580682"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"contributes":[2],"to":[3,40,121,209,217,227],"the":[4,56,62,67,74,80,104,122,130,166,184,197,200,202,206,219,224,241],"literature":[5],"on":[6,15,125,192,196],"mergers":[7,53,78,110],"and":[8,46,50,144,161,174,178,205],"frontier-based":[9],"regulation.":[10],"Revenue":[11],"cap":[12],"schemes":[13],"based":[14],"frontier":[16],"benchmarking":[17,68,185],"can":[18,37],"provide":[19],"strong":[20],"incentives":[21],"for":[22,170],"cost":[23,41,75,137,226],"reduction,":[24],"especially":[25],"when":[26,141],"there":[27],"is":[28,139,181],"a":[29,87,107,133],"large":[30],"number":[31,57],"of":[32,48,58,106,186,199],"low-cost":[33],"peers":[34],"available.":[35],"Mergers":[36],"also":[38],"lead":[39],"savings":[42,76],"through":[43],"knowledge":[44],"sharing":[45],"economies":[47],"scale":[49],"scope.":[51],"However,":[52],"may":[54,111,235],"reduce":[55],"peers,":[59],"thereby":[60],"diminishing":[61],"competitive":[63,84],"pressure":[64,85],"generated":[65],"by":[66,95,129],"model.":[69],"Therefore,":[70],"regulators":[71,100],"must":[72],"balance":[73],"from":[77,86],"against":[79],"potential":[81,97],"reduction":[82],"in":[83,103,165,175,183,223,231],"smaller":[88],"peer":[89],"group.":[90],"We":[91],"examine":[92],"this":[93,152],"trade-off":[94],"analyzing":[96],"remedies":[98],"that":[99],"might":[101],"apply":[102],"context":[105],"merger.":[108,131,242],"While":[109],"yield":[112],"direct":[113,143],"efficiency":[114],"gains,":[115],"these":[116,232],"are":[117,147],"often":[118],"modest":[119],"compared":[120],"broader":[123],"impact":[124,191],"firms":[126,173],"indirectly":[127],"affected":[128],"As":[132],"result,":[134],"achieving":[135],"industry-wide":[136],"reductions":[138],"difficult":[140],"both":[142],"indirect":[145],"effects":[146],"accounted":[148],"for.":[149],"To":[150],"explore":[151],"further,":[153],"we":[154],"consider":[155],"three":[156],"alternative":[157],"remedies:":[158],"baseline,":[159],"customized,":[160],"augmented.":[162],"These":[163],"differ":[164],"revenue":[167],"targets":[168],"set":[169],"newly":[171],"merged":[172],"how":[176],"pre-":[177],"post-merger":[179],"information":[180],"used":[182],"non-merged":[187],"firms.":[188],"The":[189],"overall":[190],"consumer":[193],"costs":[194],"depends":[195],"specifics":[198],"merger,":[201],"remedy":[203,221],"chosen,":[204],"assumed":[207],"returns":[208,216],"scale.":[210],"Under":[211],"constant,":[212],"increasing,":[213],"or":[214],"additive":[215],"scale,":[218],"augmented":[220],"results":[222],"lowest":[225],"consumers.":[228],"Nevertheless,":[229],"even":[230],"cases,":[233],"consumers":[234],"still":[236],"be":[237],"better":[238],"off":[239],"without":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-25T00:00:00"}