{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415930100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2025.11.003","title":"A branch-And-Cut algorithm for the mixed fleet green vehicle routing problem","display_name":"A branch-And-Cut algorithm for the mixed fleet green vehicle routing problem","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415930100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2025.11.003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2025.11.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2025.11.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103321696","display_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0377-2217","issn":["0377-2217","1872-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2025.11.003","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118946930","display_name":"Jesper Bang Mikkelsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1092-1546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jesper Bang Mikkelsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Fuglesangs All\u00e9 4, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1092-1546","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Fuglesangs All\u00e9 4, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011329804","display_name":"Sune Lauth Gadegaard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-6015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sune Lauth Gadegaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Fuglesangs All\u00e9 4, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-6015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Fuglesangs All\u00e9 4, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055534896","display_name":"Jens Lysgaard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-136X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Lysgaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aarhus University, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Fuglesangs All\u00e9 4, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-136X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aarhus University, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Fuglesangs All\u00e9 4, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5118946930"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43858655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"332","issue":"1","first_page":"144","last_page":"155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.8205000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.7613000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5443999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5151000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4643999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fleet-management","display_name":"Fleet management","score":0.3711000084877014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.8205000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.7613000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6944000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5443999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5151000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4643999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777305159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430291","display_name":"Fleet management","level":2,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168956720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3123181","display_name":"Column generation","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29436982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3700557","display_name":"Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing","level":5,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2025.11.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2025.11.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103321696","display_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0377-2217","issn":["0377-2217","1872-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/17391d98-cd10-421f-852d-f2cb1b9a09fc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/17391d98-cd10-421f-852d-f2cb1b9a09fc","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mikkelsen, J B, Gadegaard, S L & Lysgaard, J 2026, 'A Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for the Mixed Fleet Green Vehicle Routing Problem', European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 332, no. 1, pp. 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2025.11.003","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2025.11.003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2025.11.003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103321696","display_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","issn_l":"0377-2217","issn":["0377-2217","1872-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Operational Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965856911","https://openalex.org/W1977129671","https://openalex.org/W2017070898","https://openalex.org/W2040132140","https://openalex.org/W2056375546","https://openalex.org/W2094764575","https://openalex.org/W2096796578","https://openalex.org/W2163345326","https://openalex.org/W2226731518","https://openalex.org/W2491562227","https://openalex.org/W2547563495","https://openalex.org/W2594133485","https://openalex.org/W2778252806","https://openalex.org/W2856829278","https://openalex.org/W2912507324","https://openalex.org/W2914792944","https://openalex.org/W2921638490","https://openalex.org/W2940663005","https://openalex.org/W2955472062","https://openalex.org/W3010801612","https://openalex.org/W3020867067","https://openalex.org/W3033146178","https://openalex.org/W4296912568"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u2022":[0,15,28,41],"We":[1,29],"develop":[2],"a":[3,58,95,146,160,184,203],"branch-and-cut":[4,60,96],"algorithm":[5,43,61,127],"for":[6,62,144,172,206],"solving":[7,63],"the":[8,36,39,64,81,87,121,169,178,194],"mixed":[9],"fleet":[10,148,162],"green":[11,66,88],"vehicle":[12,67,83,89],"routing":[13,68,84,90],"problem.":[14,91],"Several":[16],"new":[17,59,101],"inequalities":[18],"are":[19],"introduced":[20],"to":[21,34,50,135],"address":[22],"driving":[23],"range":[24],"and":[25,86,114,154],"duration":[26],"constraints.":[27,116],"perform":[30],"extensive":[31],"computational":[32,118,199],"tests":[33],"highlight":[35],"performance":[37],"of":[38,103,123,141,149,163,198],"algorithm.":[40],"The":[42,71],"efficiently":[44,93],"solves":[45,129],"benchmark":[46,131],"instances":[47,132,176],"with":[48,133,183],"up":[49,134],"100":[51,136],"customers.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"paper,":[55],"we":[56,98,167],"propose":[57],"mixed-fleet":[65],"problem":[69,77,85],"(MFGVRP).":[70],"MFGVRP":[72,208],"is":[73],"an":[74],"NP-hard":[75],"optimisation":[76],"that":[78,190],"generalises":[79],"both":[80,111,145],"capacitated":[82],"To":[92],"utilise":[94],"framework,":[97],"introduce":[99],"several":[100,130],"classes":[102],"inequalities,":[104],"used":[105],"as":[106,157,159],"cutting":[107],"planes,":[108],"focusing":[109],"on":[110],"battery":[112],"capacities":[113],"time":[115,143],"Extensive":[117],"experiments":[119],"demonstrate":[120],"effectiveness":[122],"our":[124,191],"methodology.":[125],"Our":[126],"successfully":[128],"customers":[137],"within":[138],"one":[139],"hour":[140],"computation":[142],"heterogeneous":[147],"internal":[150],"combustion":[151],"engine":[152],"vehicles":[153],"electric":[155,164],"vehicles,":[156],"well":[158],"homogeneous":[161],"vehicles.":[165],"Additionally,":[166],"find":[168],"optimal":[170],"solution":[171],"two":[173],"previously":[174],"unsolved":[175],"from":[177],"literature.":[179],"A":[180],"comparative":[181],"analysis":[182],"compact":[185],"integer":[186],"programming":[187],"model":[188],"shows":[189],"method":[192],"outperforms":[193],"formulation":[195],"in":[196],"terms":[197],"efficiency,":[200],"making":[201],"it":[202],"competitive":[204],"alternative":[205],"large-scale":[207],"instances.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-11-05T00:00:00"}