{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161627348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103818","title":"Optimization of landscape connectivity: A directed dynamic ecological network topology perspective","display_name":"Optimization of landscape connectivity: A directed dynamic ecological network topology perspective","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161627348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103818","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ruobin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruobin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of China's Ministry of Education for Shanxi Alpine grassland ecosystem, Shanxi, 030006, China","Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of China's Ministry of Education for Shanxi Alpine grassland ecosystem, Shanxi, 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ziqiang Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziqiang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of China's Ministry of Education for Shanxi Alpine grassland ecosystem, Shanxi, 030006, China","Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of China's Ministry of Education for Shanxi Alpine grassland ecosystem, Shanxi, 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuying Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuying Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of China's Ministry of Education for Shanxi Alpine grassland ecosystem, Shanxi, 030006, China","Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of China's Ministry of Education for Shanxi Alpine grassland ecosystem, Shanxi, 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shurong Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shurong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of China's Ministry of Education for Shanxi Alpine grassland ecosystem, Shanxi, 030006, China","Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of China's Ministry of Education for Shanxi Alpine grassland ecosystem, Shanxi, 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of China's Ministry of Education for Shanxi Alpine grassland ecosystem, Shanxi, 030006, China","Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of China's Ministry of Education for Shanxi Alpine grassland ecosystem, Shanxi, 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Keming Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181877577","display_name":"Shanxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03y3e3s17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144289","display_name":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03rpsvy57","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144289"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keming Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of China's Ministry of Education for Shanxi Alpine grassland ecosystem, Shanxi, 030006, China","Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China","Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of China's Ministry of Education for Shanxi Alpine grassland ecosystem, Shanxi, 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144289"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181877577"],"apc_list":{"value":2510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2510},"apc_paid":{"value":2510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2510},"fwci":16.4393,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99122732,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"96","issue":null,"first_page":"103818","last_page":"103818"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.7664999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.7664999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.1639000028371811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12643","display_name":"Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis","score":0.01720000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-network","display_name":"Ecological network","score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-connectivity","display_name":"Landscape connectivity","score":0.5303000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.35019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36811481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333246","display_name":"Ecological network","level":3,"score":0.565500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778068638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6485081","display_name":"Landscape connectivity","level":4,"score":0.5303000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150547873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947851","display_name":"Watershed","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87690585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738011","display_name":"Landscape ecology","level":3,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189216461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443456","display_name":"Topology optimization","level":3,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137753397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434424","display_name":"Network science","level":3,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24784978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864912","display_name":"Wildlife corridor","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71116409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246107","display_name":"Landscape planning","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6353861689567566}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967254244","https://openalex.org/W1973328125","https://openalex.org/W2011364558","https://openalex.org/W2036479846","https://openalex.org/W2044930091","https://openalex.org/W2058852073","https://openalex.org/W2080361613","https://openalex.org/W2091202128","https://openalex.org/W2093730446","https://openalex.org/W2101580881","https://openalex.org/W2116642388","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2871625235","https://openalex.org/W2972592332","https://openalex.org/W2997260735","https://openalex.org/W3140926987","https://openalex.org/W4210398943","https://openalex.org/W4210526298","https://openalex.org/W4281606828","https://openalex.org/W4292369177","https://openalex.org/W4296674332","https://openalex.org/W4311773527","https://openalex.org/W4366818630","https://openalex.org/W4382680562","https://openalex.org/W4385454600","https://openalex.org/W4387826720","https://openalex.org/W4389118826","https://openalex.org/W4391717982","https://openalex.org/W4392267029","https://openalex.org/W4393199082","https://openalex.org/W4394789381","https://openalex.org/W4396530645","https://openalex.org/W4396716679","https://openalex.org/W4401147390","https://openalex.org/W4402059583","https://openalex.org/W4402449679","https://openalex.org/W4402566267","https://openalex.org/W4404354694","https://openalex.org/W4404460621","https://openalex.org/W4405484723","https://openalex.org/W4407392507","https://openalex.org/W4408165772","https://openalex.org/W4409284954","https://openalex.org/W4410007704","https://openalex.org/W4410508583","https://openalex.org/W4413630285","https://openalex.org/W4414243241","https://openalex.org/W4416122722"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,225],"intensification":[1],"of":[2,10,43,136,145,203,214,221,265,281,288,310],"landscape":[3,194,238,292],"fragmentation":[4],"severely":[5],"disrupts":[6],"the":[7,37,82,93,132,186,200,219,253,277,296,302],"directional":[8,285],"fluxes":[9],"information,":[11],"energy,":[12],"and":[13,23,40,57,78,112,127,154,237,255,279],"matter":[14],"within":[15,131],"ecosystems,":[16],"thereby":[17],"compromising":[18],"ecological":[19,44,59,104,119,215,308],"networks":[20],"(ENs)":[21],"functionality":[22],"process":[24],"integrity.":[25],"However,":[26],"traditional":[27,222],"ENs":[28,207,235,267,289],"connectivity":[29,239],"optimization":[30,55,77,240],"predominantly":[31],"relies":[32],"on":[33,92],"undirected":[34,266],"topologies,":[35],"neglecting":[36,161],"inherent":[38],"asymmetry":[39],"weight":[41],"heterogeneity":[42],"flows\u2014a":[45],"methodological":[46],"oversight":[47],"that":[48,199],"creates":[49],"a":[50,87,210,229,273],"critical":[51,146],"disconnect":[52],"between":[53,189],"theoretical":[54],"strategies":[56],"actual":[58],"dynamics.":[60],"To":[61],"address":[62],"this":[63],"gap,":[64],"we":[65,183],"developed":[66],"an":[67,179],"integrated":[68],"framework":[69,99,227,274],"coupling":[70],"static":[71,137,223,314],"structural":[72],"analysis":[73,135,208],"with":[74,156,245],"dynamic":[75,139],"directed-flow":[76],"applied":[79],"it":[80],"to":[81,102,248,290,300],"Sanchuan":[83],"River":[84],"Watershed":[85],"(SRW),":[86],"typical":[88],"ecologically":[89,242],"fragile":[90,243],"catchment":[91],"Chinese":[94],"Loess":[95],"Plateau":[96],"(CLP).":[97],"This":[98,196],"was":[100],"designed":[101],"minimize":[103],"resistance":[105,304],"costs":[106],"while":[107],"precisely":[108],"identifying":[109],"key":[110,148],"nodes":[111,155,164,311],"priority":[113],"corridors.":[114],"Our":[115],"results":[116],"identified":[117],"35":[118],"sources,":[120],"80":[121],"potential":[122],"corridors,":[123],"19":[124],"pinch":[125],"points,":[126],"16":[128],"barrier":[129],"points":[130],"SRW.":[133],"Comparative":[134],"versus":[138],"topologies":[140],"revealed":[141],"three":[142],"distinct":[143],"categories":[144],"nodes:":[147],"origin-destination":[149],"hubs,":[150],"pivotal":[151],"transit":[152],"nodes,":[153],"previously":[157],"underestimated":[158,312],"importance.":[159],"Notably,":[160],"these":[162],"\u201cunderestimated\u201d":[163],"in":[165,241,252],"conservation":[166],"planning":[167,236,264],"scenarios":[168],"reduced":[169],"global":[170],"network":[171],"efficiency":[172],"by":[173,177,313],"over":[174],"50%.":[175],"Furthermore,":[176],"employing":[178],"improved":[180,297],"Dijkstra":[181,298],"algorithm,":[182],"accurately":[184],"calculated":[185],"least-resistance":[187],"paths":[188],"node":[190],"pairs,":[191],"significantly":[192],"optimizing":[193],"connectivity.":[195,293],"study":[197],"demonstrates":[198],"explicit":[201],"incorporation":[202],"flow":[204,286],"directionality":[205],"into":[206],"yields":[209],"more":[211],"realistic":[212],"representation":[213],"processes,":[216],"effectively":[217],"rectifying":[218],"limitations":[220],"models.":[224],"proposed":[226],"offers":[228],"robust,":[230],"operational":[231],"paradigm":[232],"for":[233,275],"regional":[234,269],"landscapes,":[244],"broad":[246],"applicability":[247],"similar":[249],"hilly-gully":[250],"catchments":[251],"CLP":[254],"other":[256],"regions":[257],"under":[258],"intensive":[259],"anthropogenic":[260],"disturbance.":[261],"\u2022":[262,271,283,294,306],"Connectivity":[263],"constrains":[268],"sustainability.":[270],"Developed":[272],"analyzing":[276],"structure":[278],"dynamics":[280],"ENs.":[282],"Integrated":[284],"properties":[287],"enhance":[291],"Used":[295],"algorithm":[299],"find":[301],"shortest":[303],"path.":[305],"Quantified":[307],"impact":[309],"analysis.":[315]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2026-05-19T00:00:00"}