{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128810120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103655","title":"A morphologically diverse freshwater microalgae dataset for deep learning-based classification with transfer learning analysis","display_name":"A morphologically diverse freshwater microalgae dataset for deep learning-based classification with transfer learning analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128810120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103655","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125986015","display_name":"Aimi Alina Binti Hussin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aimi Alina Binti Hussin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007717841","display_name":"M. I. Shapiai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Ibrahim Shapiai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shaza Eva Mohamad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaza Eva Mohamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123745460","display_name":"Koji Iwamoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koji Iwamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125929001","display_name":"Mohd Farizal Kamaroddin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Farizal Kamaroddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125891247","display_name":"Kazuhiro Takemoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kazuhiro Takemoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and AI Research Center, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan","Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and AI Research Center, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125891247","https://openalex.org/A5125986015"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"],"apc_list":{"value":2510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2510},"apc_paid":{"value":2510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2510},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33626016,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":null,"first_page":"103655","last_page":"103655"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.1860000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.1860000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.10639999806880951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.10019999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.605400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.6007000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.3815000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.605400025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6007000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5665000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a9835ec59c5d47a384129a2157c973dd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a9835ec59c5d47a384129a2157c973dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics, Vol 94, Iss , Pp 103655- (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01216:0007261500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kyutech.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/2002316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2026.103655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.4733339548110962,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335205","display_name":"Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028739733","https://openalex.org/W2917262027","https://openalex.org/W2974343313","https://openalex.org/W3023109392","https://openalex.org/W3045216516","https://openalex.org/W3164119125","https://openalex.org/W3171366087","https://openalex.org/W3212185757","https://openalex.org/W3214347733","https://openalex.org/W4213022591","https://openalex.org/W4297457353","https://openalex.org/W4319967833","https://openalex.org/W4382202755","https://openalex.org/W4382363977","https://openalex.org/W4385307000","https://openalex.org/W4391647648","https://openalex.org/W4391771692","https://openalex.org/W4394760969","https://openalex.org/W4400943505","https://openalex.org/W4401210331","https://openalex.org/W4404734216","https://openalex.org/W4405836098","https://openalex.org/W4408289885","https://openalex.org/W4411404533","https://openalex.org/W4415299972"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"identification":[1],"of":[2,10,44,106,124],"freshwater":[3,97,209],"microalgae":[4,98,155,202,210],"is":[5],"critical":[6],"for":[7,199],"early":[8],"detection":[9],"harmful":[11],"algal":[12],"blooms,":[13],"water":[14],"quality":[15],"monitoring,":[16],"and":[17,85,187],"sustainable":[18],"biofuel":[19],"production\u2014applications":[20],"that":[21,113,133,140,153,172],"are":[22],"increasingly":[23],"important":[24],"as":[25,195],"climate":[26],"change":[27],"intensifies":[28],"pressures":[29],"on":[30,53],"aquatic":[31],"ecosystems.":[32],"However,":[33],"progress":[34],"in":[35],"automated":[36,201],"classification":[37,156,203],"has":[38],"been":[39],"constrained":[40],"by":[41],"the":[42,67,93,122],"scarcity":[43],"domain-specific":[45,226],"microscopy":[46,100],"datasets,":[47],"forcing":[48],"most":[49],"studies":[50],"to":[51,102],"rely":[52],"ImageNet-based":[54],"transfer":[55],"learning":[56,159],"despite":[57],"fundamental":[58],"domain":[59],"mismatches.":[60],"To":[61],"address":[62],"this":[63],"gap,":[64],"we":[65],"introduce":[66],"Light":[68],"Microscopy":[69],"Freshwater":[70],"Microalgae":[71],"(LMFM-12)":[72,212],"dataset,":[73],"comprising":[74],"7555":[75],"curated":[76],"images":[77],"from":[78,158],"12":[79],"morphologically":[80],"diverse":[81],"species\u2014including":[82],"unicellular,":[83],"colonial,":[84],"filamentous":[86],"forms\u2014captured":[87],"under":[88],"multiple":[89],"magnifications.":[90],"This":[91],"represents":[92],"largest":[94],"publicly":[95,207],"available":[96,208],"light":[99],"dataset":[101,211],"date.":[103],"Comprehensive":[104],"evaluation":[105,170,231],"seven":[107],"convolutional":[108],"neural":[109],"network":[110],"architectures":[111],"reveals":[112,224],"randomly":[114],"initialized":[115],"models":[116],"achieve":[117,216],"high":[118],"accuracies":[119],"(>97%),":[120],"approaching":[121],"performance":[123],"fully":[125],"fine-tuned":[126],"ImageNet-pretrained":[127],"networks.":[128],"Representational":[129],"similarity":[130],"analysis":[131,180],"demonstrates":[132],"random":[134],"initialization":[135,189],"develops":[136],"distinct":[137,182,225],"representational":[138,227],"strategies":[139,228,236],"contrast":[141],"sharply":[142],"with":[143],"ImageNet-adapted":[144],"features.":[145],"Despite":[146],"comparable":[147],"accuracy,":[148],"these":[149],"divergent":[150],"approaches":[151],"suggest":[152],"effective":[154],"arises":[157],"specialized":[160],"microscopic":[161],"features":[162],"rather":[163],"than":[164],"adapting":[165],"generic":[166],"visual":[167],"patterns.":[168],"Cross-domain":[169,230],"indicates":[171],"while":[173],"ImageNet":[174,186,220],"pretraining":[175,221],"achieves":[176],"superior":[177],"generalization,":[178],"Grad-CAM++":[179],"highlights":[181],"attention":[183,235],"patterns":[184],"between":[185],"LMFM-12":[188,194],"strategies.":[190],"These":[191],"results":[192],"position":[193],"a":[196],"valuable":[197],"resource":[198],"advancing":[200],"research.":[204],"\u2022":[205,213,222,229],"Largest":[206],"Lightweight":[214],"CNNs":[215],">98%":[217],"accuracy":[218],"without":[219],"SVCCA":[223],"shows":[232],"different":[233],"model":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-02-14T00:00:00"}