{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416020339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103513","title":"Topography, climate, land cover, and biodiversity: Explaining endemic richness on a Mediterranean island with machine learning","display_name":"Topography, climate, land cover, and biodiversity: Explaining endemic richness on a Mediterranean island with machine learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416020339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103513","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083976870","display_name":"Aristides Moustakas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6334-747X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142617266","display_name":"University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr28g20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98805295","display_name":"University of the Aegean","ror":"https://ror.org/03zsp3p94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aristides Moustakas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Product and Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, Syros, Greece","Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Product and Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, Syros, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98805295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002976353","display_name":"Ioannis \u039d. Vogiatzakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7071-6950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59746437","display_name":"Open University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/033sm2k57","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59746437"]}],"countries":["CY","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis N. Vogiatzakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy","School of Pure & Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, 12794 Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pure & Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, 12794 Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59746437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083976870"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266","https://openalex.org/I98805295"],"apc_list":{"value":2510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2510},"apc_paid":{"value":2510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2510},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18110236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":null,"first_page":"103513","last_page":"103513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.879800021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.879800021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.061400000005960464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12637","display_name":"Scarabaeidae Beetle Taxonomy and Biogeography","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-richness","display_name":"Species richness","score":0.8342999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endemism","display_name":"Endemism","score":0.7343999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threatened-species","display_name":"Threatened species","score":0.6998000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediterranean-climate","display_name":"Mediterranean climate","score":0.6606000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity","display_name":"Biodiversity","score":0.6313999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity-hotspot","display_name":"Biodiversity hotspot","score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.4853000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extinction","display_name":"Extinction (optical mineralogy)","score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediterranean-islands","display_name":"Mediterranean Islands","score":0.4359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53565203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146659","display_name":"Species richness","level":2,"score":0.8342999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137664086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123452","display_name":"Endemism","level":2,"score":0.7343999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24518262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16197023","display_name":"Threatened species","level":3,"score":0.6998000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4646841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13996","display_name":"Mediterranean climate","level":2,"score":0.6606000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.6313999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153427425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864294","display_name":"Biodiversity hotspot","level":3,"score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.4853000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101991246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422078","display_name":"Extinction (optical mineralogy)","level":2,"score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909866756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530253","display_name":"Mediterranean Islands","level":3,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776067047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72499","display_name":"Mediterranean Basin","level":3,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152491559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1886501","display_name":"Macroecology","level":3,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179345059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11394","display_name":"Endangered species","level":3,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123575903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52106","display_name":"Biogeography","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34208539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641498","display_name":"Conservation biology","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187604713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570810","display_name":"Global biodiversity","level":3,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a37a3ba22d6d4563aab031f403e15295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a37a3ba22d6d4563aab031f403e15295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics, Vol 92, Iss , Pp 103513- (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniba.it:11586/558141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11586/558141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196296","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","host_organization_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598416232","https://openalex.org/W1878708150","https://openalex.org/W1970137534","https://openalex.org/W1970861026","https://openalex.org/W1983430444","https://openalex.org/W1984125303","https://openalex.org/W1992077502","https://openalex.org/W2010126995","https://openalex.org/W2014303089","https://openalex.org/W2023750037","https://openalex.org/W2023847757","https://openalex.org/W2040428941","https://openalex.org/W2056317273","https://openalex.org/W2077060130","https://openalex.org/W2083781796","https://openalex.org/W2102636708","https://openalex.org/W2122476379","https://openalex.org/W2128932767","https://openalex.org/W2130560194","https://openalex.org/W2148672670","https://openalex.org/W2151047196","https://openalex.org/W2162348455","https://openalex.org/W2164060137","https://openalex.org/W2164671617","https://openalex.org/W2246372546","https://openalex.org/W2299251378","https://openalex.org/W2342724444","https://openalex.org/W2350479590","https://openalex.org/W2562216444","https://openalex.org/W2562747357","https://openalex.org/W2570769028","https://openalex.org/W2618084794","https://openalex.org/W2743310005","https://openalex.org/W2787855482","https://openalex.org/W2791874395","https://openalex.org/W2793054424","https://openalex.org/W2805470867","https://openalex.org/W2957920882","https://openalex.org/W2963761906","https://openalex.org/W2985007363","https://openalex.org/W2986070011","https://openalex.org/W3004619146","https://openalex.org/W3042851477","https://openalex.org/W3045667046","https://openalex.org/W3088305239","https://openalex.org/W3093189163","https://openalex.org/W3095038986","https://openalex.org/W3119237452","https://openalex.org/W3124890349","https://openalex.org/W3129144742","https://openalex.org/W3153808443","https://openalex.org/W3154125378","https://openalex.org/W3161016551","https://openalex.org/W3177063095","https://openalex.org/W4210772318","https://openalex.org/W4319294619","https://openalex.org/W4379012190","https://openalex.org/W4388941969","https://openalex.org/W4389096363","https://openalex.org/W4389184832","https://openalex.org/W4391348548","https://openalex.org/W4391959471","https://openalex.org/W4392371414","https://openalex.org/W4392955890","https://openalex.org/W4393229948","https://openalex.org/W4394891002","https://openalex.org/W4394931602","https://openalex.org/W4397034574","https://openalex.org/W4400362038","https://openalex.org/W4402171294","https://openalex.org/W4403452846","https://openalex.org/W4404479829","https://openalex.org/W4404502918","https://openalex.org/W4405451831","https://openalex.org/W4406023027","https://openalex.org/W4408348219","https://openalex.org/W4408633460","https://openalex.org/W4410345548","https://openalex.org/W4411452375","https://openalex.org/W4415254809","https://openalex.org/W7084094111"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Island":[0],"endemism":[1,215],"is":[2],"shaped":[3,249],"by":[4,173,250],"complex":[5],"interactions":[6],"among":[7],"environmental,":[8],"ecological,":[9],"and":[10,20,53,74,88,105,112,117,166,180,191,202,220,234,241,253,289],"evolutionary":[11],"factors,":[12],"yet":[13,145],"the":[14,28,68,92,99,139,142,186,211],"relative":[15,69],"contributions":[16],"of":[17,30,71,78,95,101,128,149,188,214,261],"topography,":[18,251],"climate,":[19,252],"land":[21,51],"cover":[22],"remain":[23],"incompletely":[24],"quantified.":[25],"We":[26,80],"investigated":[27],"drivers":[29,213,260],"endemic":[31,96,150,262],"plant":[32,263],"richness":[33,137,246,273],"across":[34],"Crete,":[35],"a":[36,60,226],"Mediterranean":[37,236],"biodiversity":[38,218],"hotspot,":[39],"using":[40],"spatially":[41],"explicit":[42],"data":[43],"on":[44],"species":[45,84,131,136,151,272],"distributions,":[46],"topographic":[47,103],"complexity,":[48],"climatic":[49,89,106],"variability,":[50],"cover,":[52],"soil":[54,163],"characteristics.":[55],"Artificial":[56],"Neural":[57],"Network":[58],"models,":[59],"machine":[61],"learning":[62,257],"tool,":[63],"were":[64,91],"employed":[65],"to":[66,75,216],"assess":[67],"importance":[70,187],"these":[72],"predictors":[73,94],"identify":[76],"hotspots":[77,122,267],"endemism.":[79],"found":[81],"that":[82,114,134],"total":[83,130,135,271],"richness,":[85,97,132],"elevation":[86],"range,":[87],"variability":[90],"strongest":[93],"reflecting":[98],"role":[100],"biodiversity,":[102],"heterogeneity,":[104],"gradients":[107],"in":[108,195,232,247],"generating":[109],"diverse":[110],"habitats":[111],"micro-refugia":[113],"promote":[115],"speciation":[116],"buffer":[118],"extinction":[119],"risk.":[120],"Endemic":[121,245,266],"only":[123],"partially":[124],"overlapped":[125],"with":[126,238,270],"areas":[127,156],"high":[129],"indicating":[133],"was":[138],"optimal":[140],"from":[141],"ones":[143],"examined,":[144],"an":[146],"imperfect":[147],"surrogate":[148],"richness.":[152],"These":[153],"environmentally":[154],"heterogeneous":[155],"also":[157],"provide":[158],"critical":[159],"ecosystem":[160,199,221,280],"services,":[161],"including":[162],"stabilization,":[164],"pollination,":[165],"cultural":[167],"value,":[168],"which":[169],"are":[170],"increasingly":[171],"threatened":[172],"tourism,":[174],"renewable":[175],"energy":[176],"development,":[177],"land-use":[178],"change,":[179],"climate":[181],"impacts.":[182],"Our":[183],"findings":[184],"underscore":[185],"prioritizing":[189],"mountainous":[190],"climatically":[192],"variable":[193],"regions":[194,277],"conservation":[196,230],"planning,":[197],"integrating":[198],"service":[200],"considerations,":[201],"accounting":[203],"for":[204,228],"within-island":[205],"spatial":[206],"heterogeneity.":[207],"By":[208],"explicitly":[209],"linking":[210],"environmental":[212],"both":[217],"patterns":[219],"function,":[222],"this":[223],"study":[224],"provides":[225],"framework":[227],"evidence-based":[229],"planning":[231],"Crete":[233,248],"other":[235],"islands":[237],"similar":[239],"geological":[240],"biogeographic":[242],"contexts.":[243],"\u2022":[244,255,265,275,284],"biodiversity.":[254],"Machine":[256],"reveals":[258],"key":[259,279],"distributions.":[264],"partly":[268],"overlap":[269],"areas.":[274],"Heterogeneous":[276],"offer":[278],"services":[281],"under":[282],"threat.":[283],"Conservation":[285],"should":[286],"prioritize":[287],"mountains":[288],"climate-variable":[290],"zones.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-08T00:00:00"}