{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366133608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102106","title":"Small to train, small to test: Dealing with low sample size in model evaluation","display_name":"Small to train, small to test: Dealing with low sample size in model evaluation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366133608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/304358/1/1-s2.0-S1574954123001358-authorsversion.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030804414","display_name":"Flavien Collart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-5848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97565354","display_name":"University of Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/019whta54","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Flavien Collart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041324397","display_name":"Antoine Guisan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-4815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97565354","display_name":"University of Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/019whta54","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antoine Guisan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030804414"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"],"apc_list":{"value":2510,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2510},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5659,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98262677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":null,"first_page":"102106","last_page":"102106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-size-determination","display_name":"Sample size determination","score":0.7833359241485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.7546809911727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6908555030822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6314256191253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5533612966537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.49638110399246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null-model","display_name":"Null model","score":0.4928457736968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4524662494659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3732772767543793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35252106189727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33607354760169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.2920010983943939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2912304401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2823641002178192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1430373191833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14059287309646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07801929116249084}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.7833359241485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.7546809911727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6908555030822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6314256191253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5533612966537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.49638110399246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36382193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068966","display_name":"Null model","level":2,"score":0.4928457736968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4524662494659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3732772767543793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35252106189727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33607354760169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2920010983943939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2912304401397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2823641002178192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1430373191833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14059287309646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07801929116249084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195809937","display_name":"Ecological Informatics","issn_l":"1574-9541","issn":["1574-9541","1878-0512"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbi.ulg.ac.be:2268/304358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/304358","pdf_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/304358/1/1-s2.0-S1574954123001358-authorsversion.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400651","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Li\u00e8ge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","host_organization_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics, 75, 102106 (2023-07)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},{"id":"pmh:oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_DDA1566B06B4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_DDA1566B06B4","pdf_url":"https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_DDA1566B06B4.P002/REF.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401797","display_name":"SERVAL (Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210093590","host_organization_name":"Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics, vol. 75, pp. 102106","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unil.ch:iris/205013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iris.unil.ch/handle/iris/205013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055444","display_name":"IRIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbi.ulg.ac.be:2268/304358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/304358","pdf_url":"https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/304358/1/1-s2.0-S1574954123001358-authorsversion.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400651","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Li\u00e8ge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","host_organization_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Informatics, 75, 102106 (2023-07)","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.75,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1381869288","display_name":"Hiding for surviving? Last-glacial maximum phylogeography to inform spatially-explicit predictions on the ability of Alpine biota to migrate as a response to climate change in the Swiss Alps (GEN4MIG)","funder_award_id":"197777","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366133608.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166467040","https://openalex.org/W1487536649","https://openalex.org/W1602238219","https://openalex.org/W1751153847","https://openalex.org/W2000745569","https://openalex.org/W2005405996","https://openalex.org/W2011118571","https://openalex.org/W2027575815","https://openalex.org/W2037668591","https://openalex.org/W2039129558","https://openalex.org/W2040247202","https://openalex.org/W2049015414","https://openalex.org/W2055764609","https://openalex.org/W2098827790","https://openalex.org/W2111796869","https://openalex.org/W2115268776","https://openalex.org/W2119202692","https://openalex.org/W2127367934","https://openalex.org/W2129925362","https://openalex.org/W2134105845","https://openalex.org/W2152029777","https://openalex.org/W2160052430","https://openalex.org/W2769311935","https://openalex.org/W2793845033","https://openalex.org/W2832707927","https://openalex.org/W2900473858","https://openalex.org/W2910713426","https://openalex.org/W2944067570","https://openalex.org/W2948759342","https://openalex.org/W2958856141","https://openalex.org/W2991201201","https://openalex.org/W2998868841","https://openalex.org/W3012357814","https://openalex.org/W3022704356","https://openalex.org/W3029998894","https://openalex.org/W3045118647","https://openalex.org/W3098830250","https://openalex.org/W3151329738","https://openalex.org/W3161349658","https://openalex.org/W3201703223","https://openalex.org/W3215140801","https://openalex.org/W4210773542","https://openalex.org/W4226067204","https://openalex.org/W4318483278","https://openalex.org/W6753110140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W2900413183","https://openalex.org/W4390975304","https://openalex.org/W147410782","https://openalex.org/W3022252430","https://openalex.org/W4287804464","https://openalex.org/W3103989898","https://openalex.org/W3211292372","https://openalex.org/W803346624"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}