{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131660580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2026.02.004","title":"Data grading for intelligent connected vehicles: an inference strength-driven framework","display_name":"Data grading for intelligent connected vehicles: an inference strength-driven framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131660580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2026.02.004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2026.02.004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2026.02.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495769766","display_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2352-8648","issn":["2352-8648","2468-5925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320345","host_organization_name":"KeAi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320345","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KeAi","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2026.02.004","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126893825","display_name":"Shichun Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6h1p91","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100091, China","State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing 401133, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3426-7988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing 401133, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126883237","display_name":"Bowen Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6h1p91","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100091, China","State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing 401133, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2762-4441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing 401133, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126860127","display_name":"Yi Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6h1p91","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100091, China","State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing 401133, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1441-4875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing 401133, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126871735","display_name":"Haoran Guang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6h1p91","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Guang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100091, China","State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing 401133, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2064-4286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing 401133, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126877992","display_name":"Tianyang Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152006","display_name":"Jilin Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dmhhd41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyang Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130022, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1116-7178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210152006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074821242","display_name":"Weifeng Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0213-8008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weifeng Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0213-8008","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028983176","display_name":"Xinjie Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6037-9751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjie Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100091, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3803-4527","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126884602","display_name":"Mingjie Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100091, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8801-6194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018606054","display_name":"Yaoguang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I105126617","display_name":"Zhejiang International Studies University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vwvvq12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105126617"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaoguang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang, 311115, China","State Key Lab of Intelligent Transportation System, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-2425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang, 311115, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105126617"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Intelligent Transportation System, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126874315","display_name":"Hao Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087772","display_name":"National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center of Chinar","ror":"https://ror.org/00247dh76","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087772"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Information Security Institute, CNCERT/CC, Beijing, 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1842-8430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Information Security Institute, CNCERT/CC, Beijing, 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087772","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126888939","display_name":"Tian Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6h1p91","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing 401133, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7662-6599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing 401133, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126911493","display_name":"Jia Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6h1p91","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing 401133, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0395-7382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing 401133, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018606054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I105126617","https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19340068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"698","last_page":"715"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.07010000199079514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.07010000199079514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.0689999982714653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.04430000111460686,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.8129000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.7294999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-security","display_name":"Data security","score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.32030001282691956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8812000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.8129000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7294999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5231999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4036000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2026.02.004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2026.02.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495769766","display_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2352-8648","issn":["2352-8648","2468-5925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320345","host_organization_name":"KeAi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320345","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KeAi","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b51761b3b44426487a98a4901c9d38b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b51761b3b44426487a98a4901c9d38b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Digital Communications and Networks, Vol 12, Iss 4, Pp 698-715 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2026.02.004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2026.02.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495769766","display_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2352-8648","issn":["2352-8648","2468-5925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320345","host_organization_name":"KeAi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320345","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KeAi","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335774","display_name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2784241349","https://openalex.org/W2934379707","https://openalex.org/W2989230094","https://openalex.org/W3094293870","https://openalex.org/W3122858100","https://openalex.org/W3198063116","https://openalex.org/W3201290030","https://openalex.org/W3205117227","https://openalex.org/W4205228770","https://openalex.org/W4221032146","https://openalex.org/W4225670787","https://openalex.org/W4285257526","https://openalex.org/W4290988474","https://openalex.org/W4311763315","https://openalex.org/W4323317551","https://openalex.org/W4362683517","https://openalex.org/W4392926400","https://openalex.org/W4407949602","https://openalex.org/W4408142255","https://openalex.org/W4410774643"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"Connected":[1],"Vehicles":[2],"(ICVs)":[3],"generate":[4,124],"massive":[5],"heterogeneous":[6],"multi-modal":[7],"data":[8,21,30,38,75,126,138,172,181],"during":[9],"operation,":[10],"and":[11,32,48,52,103,112,133,150],"due":[12],"to":[13,42,87,107,123,161,170],"the":[14,36,44,82,146],"limited":[15],"computing":[16],"resources":[17],"on":[18,57,145],"board,":[19],"graded":[20],"encryption":[22],"protection":[23,139,158,178],"is":[24],"of":[25,84,179],"great":[26],"significance":[27],"for":[28,129],"balancing":[29],"security":[31,173],"efficient":[33],"utilization.":[34],"However,":[35],"current":[37],"grading":[39,54,76,127,163],"processes":[40],"struggle":[41],"address":[43],"evolving":[45],"inference":[46,73,79,110,114],"attacks":[47],"dynamic":[49],"operational":[50],"environments,":[51],"traditional":[53],"approaches":[55],"relying":[56],"static":[58,131],"expert":[59],"judgment":[60],"or":[61],"information-theoretic":[62],"metrics.":[63],"To":[64],"bridge":[65],"this":[66,68],"gap,":[67],"paper":[69],"proposes":[70],"a":[71,96,120],"novel":[72],"strength-driven":[74],"framework,":[77],"where":[78],"strength":[80],"quantifies":[81],"susceptibility":[83],"one":[85],"dataset":[86,149],"infer":[88],"another":[89],"through":[90,176],"adversarial":[91],"reasoning.":[92],"The":[93,116,165],"framework":[94,117],"employs":[95],"systematic":[97],"methodology":[98],"combining":[99],"graph":[100],"theory,":[101],"optimization,":[102],"Large":[104],"Language":[105],"Models":[106],"construct":[108],"an":[109],"library":[111],"calculate":[113],"strength.":[115],"also":[118],"provides":[119],"PageRank-based":[121],"algorithm":[122],"interpretable":[125],"lists":[128],"both":[130],"policy":[132],"vehicle-end":[134],"application,":[135],"prioritizing":[136],"core":[137,180],"while":[140],"respecting":[141],"computational":[142,183],"constraints.":[143,184],"Validated":[144],"Audi":[147],"A2D2":[148],"real":[151],"vehicle":[152],"controller,":[153],"our":[154],"approach":[155],"demonstrates":[156],"improved":[157],"utility":[159],"compared":[160],"default":[162],"baselines.":[164],"results":[166],"highlight":[167],"its":[168],"potential":[169],"enhance":[171],"in":[174],"ICVs":[175],"prioritized":[177],"under":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-20T06:11:20.791850","created_date":"2026-02-27T00:00:00"}