{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413302886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2025.08.004","title":"DRL-enabled secure uplink transmission for MIMO-OFDM IoT systems against intelligent eavesdroppers","display_name":"DRL-enabled secure uplink transmission for MIMO-OFDM IoT systems against intelligent eavesdroppers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413302886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2025.08.004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2025.08.004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2025.08.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495769766","display_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2352-8648","issn":["2352-8648","2468-5925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320345","host_organization_name":"KeAi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320345","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KeAi","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2025.08.004","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026326499","display_name":"Yingzhen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-4263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingzhen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049709192","display_name":"Yan Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-1009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-1009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087945929","display_name":"Xin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1660-4290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1660-4290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019590395","display_name":"Qinghe Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4397-9154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghe Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089061086","display_name":"Jian Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0404-6466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089285","display_name":"Ji Hua Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/006aydy55","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266553","display_name":"Tianmushan Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03smwa682","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266553","https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310000, China","School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","Tianmushan Laboratory, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311121, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianmushan Laboratory, Beihang University, Hangzhou 311121, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266553","https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089285"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080987681","display_name":"Tao Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5277-1729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049709192"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12967543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"428","last_page":"440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8683931827545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8011280298233032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.6257537007331848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5860689878463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.570806622505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.49400120973587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47412919998168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.4599761962890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.4560723900794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.44707411527633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44255557656288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3705736994743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36539721488952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.273185670375824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27017509937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.12405353784561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.05994725227355957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8683931827545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8011280298233032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.6257537007331848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5860689878463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.570806622505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.49400120973587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47412919998168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.4599761962890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.4560723900794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.44707411527633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44255557656288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3705736994743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36539721488952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.273185670375824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27017509937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.12405353784561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.05994725227355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2025.08.004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2025.08.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495769766","display_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2352-8648","issn":["2352-8648","2468-5925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320345","host_organization_name":"KeAi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320345","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KeAi","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2025.08.004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2025.08.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495769766","display_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2352-8648","issn":["2352-8648","2468-5925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320345","host_organization_name":"KeAi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320345","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KeAi","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1905302731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JBZ001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2134957591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2999718780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024M750199","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3829213669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2368202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3895700909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8043645915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24B20117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8764890270","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u7ef4\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u5173\u8054\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5b89\u5168\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"LZ23F020013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988334478","https://openalex.org/W2045094232","https://openalex.org/W2049532134","https://openalex.org/W2059799853","https://openalex.org/W2070846978","https://openalex.org/W2106938400","https://openalex.org/W2125054082","https://openalex.org/W2146400449","https://openalex.org/W2224014298","https://openalex.org/W2344809130","https://openalex.org/W2620923806","https://openalex.org/W2739602137","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2793420167","https://openalex.org/W2807959056","https://openalex.org/W2890696043","https://openalex.org/W2942582850","https://openalex.org/W3006025229","https://openalex.org/W3116784068","https://openalex.org/W4210909915","https://openalex.org/W4213188933","https://openalex.org/W4220729699","https://openalex.org/W4226021413","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4280627398","https://openalex.org/W4285210647","https://openalex.org/W4285300645","https://openalex.org/W4294310629","https://openalex.org/W4312435603","https://openalex.org/W4315777510","https://openalex.org/W4391707534","https://openalex.org/W4392714477","https://openalex.org/W4392904095","https://openalex.org/W4393204297","https://openalex.org/W4394994357","https://openalex.org/W4398152762","https://openalex.org/W4399728425","https://openalex.org/W4405205311","https://openalex.org/W4405269843","https://openalex.org/W4405598558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W4321608401","https://openalex.org/W3156595664","https://openalex.org/W1498238661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"layer":[1],"security":[2,35,64],"has":[3],"emerged":[4],"as":[5,107],"a":[6,73,108,119,135],"promising":[7],"approach":[8],"to":[9,45,79,146],"counter":[10],"eavesdropping":[11],"threats":[12],"in":[13,32,86,172],"the":[14,20,30,34,83,98,113,148,158,166],"Internet":[15],"of":[16,22,36,140,160,169],"Things":[17],"(IoT).":[18],"With":[19],"advancement":[21],"technology,":[23],"eavesdroppers":[24],"(Eves)":[25],"are":[26,43,144],"increasingly":[27],"sophisticated,":[28],"exacerbating":[29],"difficulties":[31],"ensuring":[33],"uplink":[37],"transmissions.":[38],"In":[39],"situations":[40],"where":[41,126],"transmitters":[42],"unable":[44],"deter":[46],"Eves":[47,55,106],"from":[48],"approaching":[49],"at":[50,82],"close":[51],"range,":[52],"these":[53,68],"intelligent":[54,105,174],"can":[56],"attain":[57],"substantial":[58],"channel":[59],"gains,":[60],"thereby":[61],"posing":[62],"significant":[63],"threats.":[65],"To":[66,111],"address":[67],"challenges,":[69],"we":[70,96,117],"first":[71],"propose":[72],"time-domain":[74,170],"artificial":[75],"noise":[76],"(AN)":[77],"scheme":[78],"eliminate":[80],"interference":[81],"legitimate":[84,102,153],"receiver":[85],"Multiple-Input":[87],"Multiple-Output":[88],"Orthogonal":[89],"Frequency":[90],"Division":[91],"Multiplexing":[92],"(MIMO-OFDM)":[93],"systems.":[94],"Then,":[95],"model":[97],"adversarial":[99],"interaction":[100],"between":[101],"transceivers":[103],"and":[104,134,164],"game-theoretic":[109],"problem.":[110],"solve":[112],"dynamic":[114],"game":[115],"problem,":[116],"introduce":[118],"deep":[120],"deterministic":[121],"policy":[122],"gradient":[123],"(DDPG)-based":[124],"framework,":[125],"an":[127],"optimal":[128],"beamforming":[129,138],"fractional":[130],"programming":[131],"algorithm":[132,142],"(OBFP)":[133],"lower-complexity":[136],"zero-forcing":[137],"difference":[139],"convex":[141],"(ZFDC)":[143],"designed":[145],"ascertain":[147],"most":[149],"effective":[150],"strategy":[151],"for":[152],"transceivers.":[154],"Simulation":[155],"results":[156],"validate":[157],"effectiveness":[159],"our":[161],"proposed":[162],"algorithms":[163],"highlight":[165],"critical":[167],"role":[168],"AN":[171],"combating":[173],"eavesdropping.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}