{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160256988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2026.101997","title":"Evaluating the interpretability of clinical speech AI models: Lessons from two user studies","display_name":"Evaluating the interpretability of clinical speech AI models: Lessons from two user studies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160256988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2026.101997","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42221683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.csl.2026.101997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2026.101997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91252481","display_name":"Computer Speech & Language","issn_l":"0885-2308","issn":["0885-2308","1095-8363"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Speech &amp; Language","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13218657/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135305286","display_name":"Lingfeng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6554-9438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingfeng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, 85004, Arizona, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6554-9438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, 85004, Arizona, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021646973","display_name":"Visar Berisha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-8874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Visar Berisha","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, 85004, Arizona, USA","School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, 650 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, 85287, Arizona, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, 85004, Arizona, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, 650 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, 85287, Arizona, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135294771","display_name":"Julie Liss","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Liss","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, 85004, Arizona, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, 85004, Arizona, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5135305286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6945115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"101","issue":null,"first_page":"101997","last_page":"101997"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.4101000130176544,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.4101000130176544,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.13609999418258667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.09849999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8464999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dysarthria","display_name":"Dysarthria","score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-practice","display_name":"Clinical Practice","score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-language-pathology","display_name":"Speech-Language Pathology","score":0.3416999876499176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8464999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8037999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777639682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225957","display_name":"Dysarthria","level":2,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37692320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33226","display_name":"Speech-Language Pathology","level":2,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983449737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Clinical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.csl.2026.101997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2026.101997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91252481","display_name":"Computer Speech & Language","issn_l":"0885-2308","issn":["0885-2308","1095-8363"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Speech &amp; Language","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42221683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42221683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer speech & language","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13218657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13218657/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Speech Lang","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13218657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13218657/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Speech Lang","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7144925594329834,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337352","display_name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhx6838"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044140042","https://openalex.org/W2044682042","https://openalex.org/W2115040353","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2512902140","https://openalex.org/W2934166592","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2997560917","https://openalex.org/W3101650868","https://openalex.org/W3126501536","https://openalex.org/W3194668998","https://openalex.org/W3197434213","https://openalex.org/W3206297794","https://openalex.org/W3211317523","https://openalex.org/W4287886354","https://openalex.org/W4297399257","https://openalex.org/W4307572272","https://openalex.org/W4309630525","https://openalex.org/W4313985071","https://openalex.org/W4318486446","https://openalex.org/W4319321305","https://openalex.org/W4391532364","https://openalex.org/W4401450033","https://openalex.org/W4401451913","https://openalex.org/W4414116565"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-02T06:17:35.589633","created_date":"2026-05-06T00:00:00"}
