{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400000455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2024.109286","title":"Legume: A free implementation of the guided-mode expansion method for photonic crystal slabs","display_name":"Legume: A free implementation of the guided-mode expansion method for photonic crystal slabs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400000455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2024.109286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2024.109286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2024.109286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142305363","display_name":"Computer Physics Communications","issn_l":"0010-4655","issn":["0010-4655","1879-2944"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Physics Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2024.109286","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018451841","display_name":"Simone Zanotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-7011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simone Zanotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-7011","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058799196","display_name":"Momchil Minkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0665-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174947986","display_name":"Flex (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03q7jt003","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174947986"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Momchil Minkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Flexcompute: 182 Main St., Watertown, 02472 MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flexcompute: 182 Main St., Watertown, 02472 MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174947986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038494315","display_name":"Davide Nigro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-0650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Nigro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-0650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015389591","display_name":"Dario Gerace","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-125X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Gerace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738747","display_name":"Shanhui Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-9732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanhui Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045102280","display_name":"Lucio Claudio Andreani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4926-1749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucio Claudio Andreani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018451841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"],"apc_list":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"apc_paid":{"value":3670,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3670},"fwci":6.5195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97506068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"304","issue":null,"first_page":"109286","last_page":"109286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10666","display_name":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10666","display_name":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11723","display_name":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10295","display_name":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.6290556192398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonic-crystal","display_name":"Photonic crystal","score":0.6146901845932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.4783294200897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4421883523464203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3872283697128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3838546872138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3655168414115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3456346392631531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.6290556192398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75302062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900150","display_name":"Photonic crystal","level":2,"score":0.6146901845932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.4783294200897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4421883523464203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3872283697128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3838546872138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3655168414115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3456346392631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2024.109286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2024.109286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142305363","display_name":"Computer Physics Communications","issn_l":"0010-4655","issn":["0010-4655","1879-2944"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Physics Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2024.109286","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2024.109286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142305363","display_name":"Computer Physics Communications","issn_l":"0010-4655","issn":["0010-4655","1879-2944"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Physics Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W207909860","https://openalex.org/W1507437630","https://openalex.org/W1563545204","https://openalex.org/W1967879030","https://openalex.org/W1970184490","https://openalex.org/W1970819214","https://openalex.org/W1975651297","https://openalex.org/W1980269750","https://openalex.org/W1980664748","https://openalex.org/W1986203310","https://openalex.org/W1988787401","https://openalex.org/W2000437900","https://openalex.org/W2007937814","https://openalex.org/W2008218637","https://openalex.org/W2013934305","https://openalex.org/W2032042797","https://openalex.org/W2034805006","https://openalex.org/W2041921807","https://openalex.org/W2052102553","https://openalex.org/W2056432088","https://openalex.org/W2064862825","https://openalex.org/W2069760480","https://openalex.org/W2073509926","https://openalex.org/W2078252300","https://openalex.org/W2087220704","https://openalex.org/W2088470320","https://openalex.org/W2091052002","https://openalex.org/W2119404582","https://openalex.org/W2122573155","https://openalex.org/W2130251108","https://openalex.org/W2140144416","https://openalex.org/W2170327187","https://openalex.org/W2171819094","https://openalex.org/W2205722323","https://openalex.org/W2281602007","https://openalex.org/W2494235437","https://openalex.org/W2758849888","https://openalex.org/W2891036947","https://openalex.org/W2952937765","https://openalex.org/W2953024697","https://openalex.org/W2965904245","https://openalex.org/W2970102775","https://openalex.org/W3007848209","https://openalex.org/W3012027708","https://openalex.org/W3035516217","https://openalex.org/W3045993073","https://openalex.org/W3103689942","https://openalex.org/W3122902130","https://openalex.org/W3134270908","https://openalex.org/W3141864938","https://openalex.org/W3161558623","https://openalex.org/W3172334029","https://openalex.org/W3203903779","https://openalex.org/W3215980445","https://openalex.org/W4289780803","https://openalex.org/W4296704009","https://openalex.org/W4296781610","https://openalex.org/W4308513361","https://openalex.org/W4313456442","https://openalex.org/W4318271968","https://openalex.org/W4377245496","https://openalex.org/W4386443187","https://openalex.org/W4387183466","https://openalex.org/W4388494757","https://openalex.org/W4389671415","https://openalex.org/W6652535080","https://openalex.org/W6779495664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592877322","https://openalex.org/W2112088736","https://openalex.org/W2977759602","https://openalex.org/W2903222273","https://openalex.org/W1145377738","https://openalex.org/W2766116755","https://openalex.org/W2085237204","https://openalex.org/W1584577465","https://openalex.org/W3142193777","https://openalex.org/W2364114871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1,140,293,307],"legume,":[2],"a":[3,23,47,103,132,202,280,334],"free":[4],"electromagnetic":[5],"solver":[6],"that":[7,83],"implements":[8],"the":[9,34,51,66,74,91,108,112,125,141,151,172,175,178,182,189,194,209,216,273,308,325,353,359],"guided-mode":[10,198],"expansion":[11,278],"method":[12,52,75,176],"for":[13,26,33,341],"patterned":[14,252],"multilayer":[15,253],"waveguides,":[16],"or":[17],"photonic":[18,38,109,155,213,249,260],"crystal":[19,39,156,255],"slabs.":[20],"legume":[21,190,223,326],"has":[22,345],"built-in":[24],"tool":[25,207],"automatic":[27],"differentiation,":[28],"which":[29],"makes":[30],"it":[31,201],"suitable":[32],"inverse":[35,318],"design":[36,210,269,344],"of":[37,50,65,73,93,107,114,127,143,174,181,188,197,211,218,242,248,259,272,282,285,300,310,324,358],"structures":[40,214],"with":[41,100,163,262,295,331],"desired":[42],"physical":[43],"properties.":[44],"Compared":[45],"to":[46,96,102,119,139,154,170,227,266,292,306,316,333],"previous":[48],"version":[49,323],"(M.":[53],"Minkov":[54],"et":[55],"al.,":[56],"2020":[57],"[12]),":[58],"here":[59,349],"we":[60,68,328,350],"introduce":[61],"several":[62],"new":[63,354],"features":[64,82,187,355],"code,":[67],"discuss":[69],"additional":[70],"technical":[71],"aspects":[72],"and":[76,123,146,160,177,205,215,245,303,338,356],"its":[77],"numerical":[78,179],"implementation.":[79],"The":[80],"novel":[81],"are":[84,168],"treated":[85],"in":[86,117,251],"this":[87,321],"paper":[88],"include:":[89],"(i)":[90],"separation":[92],"modes":[94,261,284],"according":[95],"their":[97,304],"mirror":[98,336],"symmetry":[99,105],"respect":[101,332],"vertical":[104,335],"plane":[106,337],"structure,":[110],"(ii)":[111],"problem":[113],"polarization":[115],"mixing":[116],"coupling":[118,136,294],"far-field":[120,296],"radiation":[121],"modes,":[122,150],"(iii)":[124],"description":[126,217],"active":[128],"two-dimensional":[129],"layers":[130],"through":[131],"suitably":[133],"formulated":[134],"radiation-matter":[135,219],"Hamiltonian,":[137],"allowing":[138],"physics":[142],"both":[144],"weakly":[145],"strongly":[147],"coupled":[148],"exciton-photon":[149],"latter":[152],"leading":[153,265],"polariton":[157],"eigenmodes.":[158],"Detailed":[159],"direct":[161],"comparisons":[162],"rigorous":[164],"coupled-wave":[165],"analysis":[166],"simulations":[167],"used":[169],"test":[171],"accuracy":[173],"efficiency":[180],"code.":[183,360],"These":[184],"newly":[185],"added":[186],"code":[191,327],"significantly":[192],"increase":[193],"prospective":[195],"applications":[196,357],"expansion,":[199],"making":[200],"very":[203],"practical":[204],"versatile":[206],"enabling":[208],"advanced":[212],"interaction.":[220],"Program":[221],"Title:":[222],"CPC":[224],"Library":[225],"link":[226],"program":[228],"files:":[229],"https://doi.org/10.17632/kf3cwknx4d.1":[230],"Developer's":[231],"repository":[232],"link:":[233],"https://github.com/fancompute/legume":[234],"Licensing":[235],"provisions:":[236],"MIT":[237],"Programming":[238],"language:":[239],"Python":[240],"Nature":[241],"problem:":[243],"Dispersion":[244],"radiative":[246],"losses":[247],"eigenmodes":[250],"waveguides/photonic":[254],"slabs/periodic":[256],"metasurfaces.":[257],"Interaction":[258],"exciton":[263],"resonances":[264],"exciton-polaritons.":[267,311,342],"Inverse":[268,343],"by":[270],"optimization":[271],"parameters.":[274],"Solution":[275],"method:":[276],"Finite-basis":[277],"using":[279],"basis":[281],"guided":[283],"an":[286],"effective":[287],"homogeneous":[288],"waveguide,":[289],"perturbation":[290],"theory":[291,299],"radiation.":[297],"Quantum":[298],"excitons,":[301],"photons":[302],"interaction":[305,340],"occurrence":[309],"Automatic":[312],"differentiation":[313],"via":[314],"Autograd":[315],"implement":[317,329],"design.":[319],"In":[320],"upgraded":[322],"symmetrization":[330],"light-matter":[339],"been":[346],"described":[347],"previously,":[348],"focus":[351],"on":[352]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T09:01:20.584952","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
