{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7167551317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2026.105029","title":"RemOTA: Remote attestation for detecting use-after-free in low-power microcontrollers","display_name":"RemOTA: Remote attestation for detecting use-after-free in low-power microcontrollers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7167551317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2026.105029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cose.2026.105029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2026.105029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2026.105029","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114753396","display_name":"Matteo Zoia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2722-7178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Zoia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milan, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2722-7178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milan, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140127738","display_name":"Mirco Picca","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirco Picca","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milan, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0570-0328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milan, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114753395","display_name":"Davide Rusconi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3648-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Rusconi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milan, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3648-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milan, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117824979","display_name":"Andrea Monzani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Monzani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milan, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3301-5253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milan, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029770311","display_name":"Flavio Toffalini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-5640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavio Toffalini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-5640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058151309","display_name":"Danilo Bruschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-5976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danilo Bruschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milan, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-5976","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milan, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017862259","display_name":"Andrea Lanzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1544-3758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Lanzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Milan, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1544-3758","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Milan, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114753396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"apc_list":{"value":3100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3100},"apc_paid":{"value":3100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3100},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71931758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"170","issue":null,"first_page":"105029","last_page":"105029"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9488000273704529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9488000273704529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.8148000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pointer","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.3831999897956848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8906999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.8148000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5773000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150202949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107602","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","level":2,"score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159379195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239568","display_name":"Precomputation","level":3,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cose.2026.105029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2026.105029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cose.2026.105029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2026.105029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4580979154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE00000014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313475","funder_display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313475","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331528","display_name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F7311471023","display_name":"NextGenerationEU","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098806455","https://openalex.org/W2131135493","https://openalex.org/W2136938453","https://openalex.org/W2297774820","https://openalex.org/W2752493903","https://openalex.org/W3008498533","https://openalex.org/W3009605109","https://openalex.org/W4237907241","https://openalex.org/W4249886898","https://openalex.org/W4388858849","https://openalex.org/W4391725335"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"introduce":[4],"RemOTA":[5,28,103,141,161],",":[6],"a":[7,30,35,100,105,162],"novel":[8],"remote":[9,101,106],"attestation":[10],"protocol":[11],"to":[12,33,99,118],"capture":[13],"dynamic":[14],"memory":[15,125],"allocations":[16],"and":[17,80,115,123,158],"uses":[18],"in":[19,41,88,170],"microcontroller":[20],"embedded":[21,168],"systems,":[22],"enabling":[23,78],"detection":[24],"of":[25,38,54,69,134],"use-after-free":[26,129],"errors.":[27],"performs":[29],"precomputation":[31],"analysis":[32],"identify":[34],"minimal":[36],"set":[37],"key":[39],"points":[40],"the":[42,60,67,112,132,153],"control":[43],"flow":[44],"graph,":[45],"called":[46],"checkpoints,":[47],"which":[48],"serve":[49],"as":[50,91],"boundaries":[51],"enclosing":[52],"sequences":[53],"pointer":[55,71,121],"operations":[56],"that":[57,108],"occur":[58],"along":[59],"same":[61],"execution":[62],"path.":[63],"These":[64],"checkpoints":[65],"allow":[66],"grouping":[68],"multiple":[70],"usages":[72],"into":[73],"larger,":[74],"semantically":[75],"meaningful":[76],"units,":[77],"efficient":[79],"targeted":[81],"instrumentation.":[82],"This":[83],"approach":[84],"is":[85],"particularly":[86],"effective":[87],"resource-constrained":[89,167],"environments,":[90],"it":[92],"minimizes":[93],"runtime":[94],"overhead":[95],"while":[96],"offloading":[97],"verification":[98],"server.":[102],"incorporates":[104],"verifier":[107],"receives":[109],"information":[110],"from":[111],"executing":[113],"firmware":[114,136],"replicates":[116],"instructions":[117],"dynamically":[119],"reconstruct":[120],"usage":[122],"emulate":[124],"state,":[126],"allowing":[127],"lightweight":[128],"detection.":[130],"Through":[131],"evaluation":[133],"real-world":[135],"on":[137,152],"an":[138],"STM32":[139],"microcontroller,":[140],"demonstrates":[142],"high":[143],"precision":[144],"100%":[145],"with":[146],"low":[147],"overhead,":[148],"geometric":[149],"mean":[150],"4.47%":[151],"tested":[154],"dataset.":[155],"Its":[156],"scalability":[157],"efficiency":[159],"make":[160],"practical":[163],"solution":[164],"for":[165],"securing":[166],"devices":[169],"production":[171],"environments.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-07-07T00:00:00"}