{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280493844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103699","title":"Towards situational aware cyber-physical systems: A security-enhancing use case of blockchain-based digital twins","display_name":"Towards situational aware cyber-physical systems: A security-enhancing use case of blockchain-based digital twins","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280493844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compind.2022.103699","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60779006","display_name":"Computers in Industry","issn_l":"0166-3615","issn":["0166-3615","1872-6194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Industry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103699","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080130725","display_name":"Sabah Suhail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2464-9790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102248843","display_name":"Vienna University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03yn8s215","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sabah Suhail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Cryptoeconomics, Information Systems and Operations Management, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Cryptoeconomics, Information Systems and Operations Management, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081150177","display_name":"Saif Ur Rehman Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-1630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160054","display_name":"Cybernetica (Estonia)","ror":"https://ror.org/054gqc795","country_code":"EE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160054"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saif Ur Rehman Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cybernetica AS, Tallinn, Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybernetica AS, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160054"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088135082","display_name":"Raja Jurdak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-0782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raja Jurdak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trusted Networks Lab, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trusted Networks Lab, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090705977","display_name":"Rasheed Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3771-7537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasheed Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Internet Lab and Bristol Digital Futures Institute (BDFI), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Internet Lab and Bristol Digital Futures Institute (BDFI), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066884035","display_name":"Raimundas Matulevi\u010dius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-4794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raimundas Matulevi\u010dius","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049821727","display_name":"Davor Svetinovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-9556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102248843","display_name":"Vienna University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03yn8s215","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"]}],"countries":["AE","AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davor Svetinovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE","Research Institute for Cryptoeconomics, Information Systems and Operations Management, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Cryptoeconomics, Information Systems and Operations Management, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080130725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"],"apc_list":{"value":3760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3760},"apc_paid":{"value":3760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3760},"fwci":25.1533,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9960049,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"141","issue":null,"first_page":"103699","last_page":"103699"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9020020961761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.7455378770828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7273495197296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5584031939506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-ethics","display_name":"Situational ethics","score":0.5022404193878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-security","display_name":"Physical security","score":0.4292267858982086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1124449372291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06763824820518494}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9020020961761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.7455378770828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7273495197296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5584031939506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.5022404193878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851598","display_name":"Physical security","level":2,"score":0.4292267858982086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1124449372291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06763824820518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compind.2022.103699","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60779006","display_name":"Computers in Industry","issn_l":"0166-3615","issn":["0166-3615","1872-6194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Industry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/023046d8-2d89-4a2c-8e78-c48800b7d80c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/023046d8-2d89-4a2c-8e78-c48800b7d80c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Suhail, S, Malik, S U R, Jurdak, R, Hussain, R, Matulevi\u010dius, R & Svetinovic, D 2022, 'Towards situational aware cyber-physical systems : A security-enhancing use case of blockchain-based digital twins', Computers in Industry, vol. 141, 103699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103699","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.wu.ac.at:openaire_cris_publications/8db6de67-6fe9-44ba-b09b-01931ae3eaf3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.wu.ac.at/de/publications/8db6de67-6fe9-44ba-b09b-01931ae3eaf3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055123","display_name":"WU Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Suhail, S, Svetinovic, D, Rehman Malik, S U, Jurdak, R, Hussain, R & Matulevicius, R 2022, 'Towards situational aware cyber-physical systems: A security-enhancing use case of blockchain-based digital twins', Computers in Industry, vol. 141, pp. 103699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103699","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compind.2022.103699","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60779006","display_name":"Computers in Industry","issn_l":"0166-3615","issn":["0166-3615","1872-6194"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Industry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583869287","https://openalex.org/W1639713563","https://openalex.org/W1936354298","https://openalex.org/W2039427951","https://openalex.org/W2043246364","https://openalex.org/W2060690494","https://openalex.org/W2064483023","https://openalex.org/W2085457667","https://openalex.org/W2136451165","https://openalex.org/W2142667604","https://openalex.org/W2149713648","https://openalex.org/W2150015649","https://openalex.org/W2343343776","https://openalex.org/W2514382028","https://openalex.org/W2624891686","https://openalex.org/W2691976780","https://openalex.org/W2757110387","https://openalex.org/W2771537552","https://openalex.org/W2803857222","https://openalex.org/W2833314750","https://openalex.org/W2885674691","https://openalex.org/W2897333915","https://openalex.org/W2944299032","https://openalex.org/W2949558051","https://openalex.org/W2954041221","https://openalex.org/W2980671025","https://openalex.org/W2990143838","https://openalex.org/W3002981277","https://openalex.org/W3081093222","https://openalex.org/W3094110753","https://openalex.org/W3094717837","https://openalex.org/W3130791602","https://openalex.org/W3138191843","https://openalex.org/W3196549611","https://openalex.org/W3197015480","https://openalex.org/W3202869257","https://openalex.org/W3208013403","https://openalex.org/W3209382589","https://openalex.org/W3216483517","https://openalex.org/W4229724010","https://openalex.org/W4230916376","https://openalex.org/W6604553553","https://openalex.org/W6635300605","https://openalex.org/W6704139216","https://openalex.org/W6769687861","https://openalex.org/W6791897923","https://openalex.org/W6798727792","https://openalex.org/W6803841518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963445270","https://openalex.org/W2641694829","https://openalex.org/W3023142714","https://openalex.org/W2425055597","https://openalex.org/W3039758316","https://openalex.org/W2803684864","https://openalex.org/W568389225","https://openalex.org/W2785394676","https://openalex.org/W2089917086","https://openalex.org/W3081690521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"complexity":[1],"of":[2,25,45,66,75,107,140,147,160,166,209],"cyberattacks":[3],"in":[4,196],"Cyber-Physical":[5,124],"Systems":[6,125],"(CPSs)":[7],"calls":[8],"for":[9,122,155],"a":[10,115,132,145],"mechanism":[11],"that":[12],"can":[13],"evaluate":[14],"critical":[15,90],"infrastructures\u2019":[16],"operational":[17],"behaviour":[18],"and":[19,41,54,59,84,176,185,194],"security":[20,60,65],"without":[21],"affecting":[22],"the":[23,43,48,64,69,108,128,138,141,157,164,188,197,201,210],"operation":[24],"live":[26],"systems.":[27,203],"In":[28],"this":[29],"regard,":[30],"Digital":[31],"Twins":[32,121],"(DTs)":[33],"provide":[34,103],"actionable":[35],"insights":[36],"through":[37,144,169],"monitoring,":[38],"simulating,":[39],"predicting,":[40],"optimizing":[42],"state":[44],"CPSs.":[46],"Through":[47],"use":[49,134],"cases,":[50],"including":[51],"system":[52,57,152],"testing":[53],"training,":[55],"detecting":[56],"misconfigurations,":[58],"testing,":[61],"DTs":[62,76,97],"strengthen":[63],"CPSs":[67],"throughout":[68],"product":[70],"lifecycle.":[71],"However,":[72],"such":[73],"benefits":[74],"depend":[77],"on":[78],"an":[79,104],"assumption":[80],"about":[81],"data":[82,154],"integrity":[83],"security.":[85],"Data":[86],"trustworthiness":[87,165],"becomes":[88],"more":[89,192],"while":[91],"integrating":[92],"multiple":[93],"components":[94],"among":[95],"different":[96],"owned":[98],"by":[99,200],"various":[100],"stakeholders":[101],"to":[102],"aggregated":[105],"view":[106],"complex":[109],"physical":[110],"system.":[111],"This":[112],"article":[113],"envisions":[114],"blockchain-based":[116],"DT":[117],"framework":[118,143],"as":[119,131],"Trusted":[120],"Securing":[123],"(TTS-CPS).":[126],"With":[127],"automotive":[129],"industry":[130],"CPS":[133],"case,":[135],"we":[136,162,205],"demonstrate":[137],"viability":[139],"TTS-CPS":[142],"proof":[146],"concept.":[148],"To":[149],"utilize":[150],"reliable":[151],"specification":[153],"building":[156],"process":[158],"knowledge":[159],"DTs,":[161],"ensure":[163],"data-generating":[167],"sources":[168],"Integrity":[170],"Checking":[171],"Mechanisms":[172],"(ICMs).":[173],"Additionally,":[174],"Safety":[175],"Security":[177],"(S&S)":[178],"rules":[179],"evaluated":[180],"during":[181],"simulation":[182],"are":[183],"stored":[184],"retrieved":[186],"from":[187],"blockchain,":[189],"thereby":[190],"establishing":[191],"understanding":[193],"confidence":[195],"decisions":[198],"made":[199],"underlying":[202],"Finally,":[204],"perform":[206],"formal":[207],"verification":[208],"TTS-CPS.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-03-08T08:50:53.379069","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
