{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148427991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2026.111112","title":"A hybrid deep learning model for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio: A multi-feature combination based approach","display_name":"A hybrid deep learning model for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio: A multi-feature combination based approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148427991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2026.111112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2026.111112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2026.111112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121340289","display_name":"Computers & Electrical Engineering","issn_l":"0045-7906","issn":["0045-7906","1879-0755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electrical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2026.111112","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101393526","display_name":"Sonali Mondal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4292-7290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100463","display_name":"SRM University, Andhra Pradesh","ror":"https://ror.org/013vs5h31","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57496824","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh","ror":"https://ror.org/020cr8c43","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57496824"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sonali Mondal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh, India","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University AP, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4292-7290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57496824"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University AP, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047897236","display_name":"Manash Pratim Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-1630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102512","display_name":"Cotton University","ror":"https://ror.org/019ehh677","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102512"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manash Pratim Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Cotton University Assam, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Cotton University Assam, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033188305","display_name":"Swarnendu Kumar Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-9362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57496824","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh","ror":"https://ror.org/020cr8c43","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57496824"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swarnendu Kumar Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57496824"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044287222","display_name":"Surendra Solanki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5067-7621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99552915","display_name":"University of Rajasthan","ror":"https://ror.org/05arfhc56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99552915"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surendra Solanki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of artificial intelligence and Machine learning, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5067-7621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of artificial intelligence and Machine learning, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99552915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101393526"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100463","https://openalex.org/I57496824"],"apc_list":{"value":3100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3100},"apc_paid":{"value":3100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3100},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77922812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"134","issue":null,"first_page":"111112","last_page":"111112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.8726000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.8726000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.07479999959468842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-systems","display_name":"Cognitive systems","score":0.29100000858306885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7351999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986342778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Cognitive systems","level":3,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020442560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4971815","display_name":"Broad spectrum","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.2651999890804291}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2026.111112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2026.111112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121340289","display_name":"Computers & Electrical Engineering","issn_l":"0045-7906","issn":["0045-7906","1879-0755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electrical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2026.111112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2026.111112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121340289","display_name":"Computers & Electrical Engineering","issn_l":"0045-7906","issn":["0045-7906","1879-0755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electrical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1929624170","https://openalex.org/W2010887113","https://openalex.org/W2062880725","https://openalex.org/W2074979863","https://openalex.org/W2091005538","https://openalex.org/W2105068441","https://openalex.org/W2119137700","https://openalex.org/W2124469495","https://openalex.org/W2129293544","https://openalex.org/W2150397642","https://openalex.org/W2153470460","https://openalex.org/W2185503150","https://openalex.org/W2741230443","https://openalex.org/W2793831908","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2908993293","https://openalex.org/W2947900296","https://openalex.org/W2971778960","https://openalex.org/W2972344074","https://openalex.org/W3007075546","https://openalex.org/W3010867338","https://openalex.org/W3016353205","https://openalex.org/W3035433808","https://openalex.org/W3091855508","https://openalex.org/W3094967394","https://openalex.org/W3108722019","https://openalex.org/W3191565355","https://openalex.org/W3197485142","https://openalex.org/W3198599344","https://openalex.org/W3213070675","https://openalex.org/W4223492792","https://openalex.org/W4322761262","https://openalex.org/W4385834069","https://openalex.org/W4388966611","https://openalex.org/W4393293576","https://openalex.org/W4395447437","https://openalex.org/W4396792350","https://openalex.org/W4402390465","https://openalex.org/W4405627234","https://openalex.org/W4405902977"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"transmission":[1],"nature":[2],"of":[3,107],"Primary":[4],"User":[5],"(PU)":[6],"is":[7,36],"often":[8],"unpredictable,":[9],"which":[10],"leaves":[11],"certain":[12],"frequency":[13],"bands":[14],"or":[15],"geographic":[16],"regions":[17],"temporarily":[18],"unoccupied\u2014these":[19],"underutilized":[20],"portions,":[21],"known":[22],"as":[23],"\u201cspectrum":[24],"holes,\u201d":[25],"represent":[26],"the":[27,40,51],"opportunity":[28],"for":[29],"dynamic":[30],"spectrum":[31,47,114,180],"access.":[32],"Accurate":[33],"Spectrum":[34],"sensing":[35,55,156,181],"crucial":[37],"that":[38],"enables":[39],"cognitive":[41],"radio":[42],"(CR)":[43],"system":[44],"to":[45,67,91,148],"optimize":[46],"utilization":[48],"efficiently.":[49],"On":[50],"other":[52],"hand,":[53],"conventional":[54],"approaches":[56,170],"face":[57],"performance":[58,130],"degradation,":[59],"in":[60,136,155,179,182],"low":[61,72,142],"signal-to-noise":[62],"ratio":[63],"(SNR)":[64],"conditions,":[65],"due":[66],"high":[68],"false":[69],"alarm":[70],"and":[71,96,115,167,197],"detection":[73,94],"accuracy.":[74],"To":[75],"overcome":[76],"these":[77],"challenges,":[78],"this":[79],"study":[80],"introduces":[81],"a":[82,118,192],"multi-feature-based":[83],"hybrid":[84,169],"deep":[85],"learning":[86,124],"model":[87],"named":[88],"DeepMLLHSNet,":[89],"designed":[90],"enhance":[92],"reliability,":[93],"accuracy":[95],"robustness":[97],"even":[98],"under":[99],"adverse":[100],"situations.":[101],"It":[102],"integrates":[103],"four":[104],"distinct":[105],"features":[106],"signal":[108],"like,":[109],"I/Q":[110],"components,":[111],"cyclostationarity,":[112],"power":[113],"energy":[116],"statistics\u2014into":[117],"feature":[119,123],"matrix":[120],"facilitating":[121],"efficient":[122],"along":[125],"with":[126,138,194],"robust":[127],"classification.":[128],"For":[129],"estimation,":[131],"RadioML2016.10b":[132],"dataset":[133],"was":[134],"used":[135],"simulation":[137],"special":[139],"focus":[140],"on":[141],"SNR":[143],"condition":[144],"(e.g.,":[145],"-20":[146],"dB":[147],"0":[149],"dB).":[150],"Proposed":[151],"framework":[152],"shows":[153],"improvement":[154],"than":[157],"both":[158],"traditional":[159],"models":[160],"(CNN,":[161],"Inception,":[162],"ResNet,":[163],"LeNet,":[164],"LSTM,":[165],"CLDNN)":[166],"recent":[168],"(CNN-LSTM,":[171],"DetectNet,":[172],"ResNet-LSTM,":[173],"DeepSenseNet)":[174],"hence":[175],"confirming":[176],"its":[177],"efficiency":[178],"challenging":[183],"condition.":[184],"DeepMLLHSNet":[185],"has":[186],"achieved":[187],"98.89%":[188],"prediction":[189],"accuracy(":[190],"P":[191],")":[193],"97.65%":[195],"precision":[196],"97.76%":[198],"recall.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T06:10:10.580331","created_date":"2026-04-03T00:00:00"}