{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125827603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105589","title":"Preservice language teachers\u2019 agency in self-directed informal learning with GenAI","display_name":"Preservice language teachers\u2019 agency in self-directed informal learning with GenAI","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125827603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172634","display_name":"Computers & Education","issn_l":"0360-1315","issn":["0360-1315","1873-782X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105589","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124007208","display_name":"Chun Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124007589","display_name":"Jingjing Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067588703","display_name":"Lianjiang Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6662-5332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianjiang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123949784","display_name":"Chin Hsi Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyue Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chin-Hsi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Hsi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-0671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"fwci":67.0677,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99689777,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"251","issue":null,"first_page":"105589","last_page":"105589"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.19429999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.19429999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.1590999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.07090000063180923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-learning","display_name":"Informal learning","score":0.6642000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-education","display_name":"Informal education","score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-and-agency","display_name":"Structure and agency","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-teacher","display_name":"Language teacher","score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-acquisition","display_name":"Language acquisition","score":0.36820000410079956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780198215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q361428","display_name":"Informal learning","level":2,"score":0.6642000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.6166999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190973436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2893573","display_name":"Informal education","level":3,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7955714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12056630","display_name":"Structure and agency","level":2,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991687411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455196","display_name":"Language teacher","level":3,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194943564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129049","display_name":"Participant observation","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172634","display_name":"Computers & Education","issn_l":"0360-1315","issn":["0360-1315","1873-782X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105589","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172634","display_name":"Computers & Education","issn_l":"0360-1315","issn":["0360-1315","1873-782X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.42938122153282166,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321019","display_name":"University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991347750","https://openalex.org/W1992896148","https://openalex.org/W2042940957","https://openalex.org/W2232839779","https://openalex.org/W2288713671","https://openalex.org/W2502742152","https://openalex.org/W2524263724","https://openalex.org/W2774811068","https://openalex.org/W2790351360","https://openalex.org/W2949532324","https://openalex.org/W2985781965","https://openalex.org/W2993359314","https://openalex.org/W3044291841","https://openalex.org/W4298000341","https://openalex.org/W4360980141","https://openalex.org/W4367678106","https://openalex.org/W4378193514","https://openalex.org/W4383648115","https://openalex.org/W4386099117","https://openalex.org/W4388344818","https://openalex.org/W4389210056","https://openalex.org/W4389485341","https://openalex.org/W4390959459","https://openalex.org/W4392645685","https://openalex.org/W4392977114","https://openalex.org/W4393231241","https://openalex.org/W4393252719","https://openalex.org/W4395452762","https://openalex.org/W4395483946","https://openalex.org/W4395957952","https://openalex.org/W4396731749","https://openalex.org/W4396763342","https://openalex.org/W4399455976","https://openalex.org/W4400772824","https://openalex.org/W4401553612","https://openalex.org/W4402118348","https://openalex.org/W4403840086","https://openalex.org/W4405302078","https://openalex.org/W4405320235","https://openalex.org/W4407426505","https://openalex.org/W4408348081","https://openalex.org/W4409167088","https://openalex.org/W4410793591","https://openalex.org/W4412045630","https://openalex.org/W4412749651","https://openalex.org/W4413339086"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generative":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"(GenAI)":[3],"fuels":[4],"self-directed":[5,36,53,163],"learning":[6,55,109,181],"and":[7,85,92,108,121,139,172,186,192,201],"may":[8],"empower":[9],"informal":[10],"professional":[11,37,54,164],"learning.":[12,38],"Previous":[13],"research":[14],"has":[15],"focused":[16],"on":[17],"understanding":[18],"teachers\u2019":[19,30,47],"use":[20],"of":[21,62,77,90,100,119,133,175,198,207],"GenAI":[22,34,51,73,101,122,160],"for":[23,35,52,162,178,209],"teaching":[24],"practice,":[25],"with":[26,50,72,79,106,136,190],"little":[27],"attention":[28],"to":[29,104,149,154,167,188,194],"agency":[31,97,170],"in":[32,115],"utilizing":[33],"This":[39],"study":[40],"traced":[41],"15":[42],"Hong":[43],"Kong":[44],"preservice":[45,156],"language":[46],"agentic":[48,70],"engagement":[49],"over":[56],"one":[57],"year":[58],"through":[59],"two":[60],"rounds":[61],"interviews.":[63],"The":[64,95,124,142],"interview":[65],"responses":[66],"revealed":[67],"that":[68,145,204],"their":[69],"interaction":[71,132,177],"was":[74,126],"a":[75,151],"process":[76],"working":[78],"GenAI\u2019s":[80],"constraints,":[81],"expanding":[82],"its":[83],"affordances,":[84],"negotiating":[86],"dynamic":[87],"empowering":[88],"configurations":[89],"AI":[91,176],"human":[93,120],"control.":[94],"participants\u2019":[96],"attribution,":[98],"positioning":[99,174],"interaction,":[102,185],"capacities":[103,187],"co-team":[105,189],"AI,":[107],"mentalities":[110,182],"played":[111],"an":[112],"essential":[113],"role":[114],"the":[116,131,137,184],"evolving":[117],"interplay":[118,125],"agency.":[123,210],"fueled":[127],"or":[128],"moderated":[129],"by":[130],"personal":[134],"circumstances":[135,203],"socio-educational":[138,200],"socio-technological":[140,202],"contexts.":[141],"findings":[143],"suggest":[144],"teacher":[146],"educators":[147],"need":[148],"adopt":[150],"holistic":[152],"approach":[153],"help":[155],"teachers":[157],"develop":[158],"productive":[159],"partnerships":[161],"learning:":[165],"1)":[166],"foster":[168],"proactive":[169],"attribution":[171],"positive":[173],"mutual":[179],"empowerment,":[180],"towards":[183],"AI;":[191],"2)":[193],"support":[195],"effective":[196],"navigation":[197],"personal,":[199],"optimize":[205],"conditions":[206],"possibility":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T06:11:07.267592","created_date":"2026-01-28T00:00:00"}