{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131783840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2026.111560","title":"Automatic sleep scoring for real-time monitoring and stimulation in individuals with and without sleep apnea","display_name":"Automatic sleep scoring for real-time monitoring and stimulation in individuals with and without sleep apnea","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131783840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2026.111560","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41762894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2026.111560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2026.111560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44278595","display_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0010-4825","issn":["0010-4825","1879-0534"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2026.111560","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015930742","display_name":"Mart\u00edn Esparza-Iaizzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-2333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mart\u00edn Esparza-Iaizzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ram\u00f3n Trias Fargas, 25, 08018, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: martineladio.esparza01@estudiant.upf.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-2333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Ram\u00f3n Trias Fargas, 25, 08018, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: martineladio.esparza01@estudiant.upf.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099136350","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Sierra-Torralba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150815","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Arag\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/05sep9w93","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150815"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Sierra-Torralba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bitbrain, Santa Teresa de Jes\u00fas, 32, 50006, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: maria.sierra@bitbrain.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bitbrain, Santa Teresa de Jes\u00fas, 32, 50006, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: maria.sierra@bitbrain.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036522160","display_name":"Jens G. Klinzing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-096X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens G Klinzing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bitbrain, Santa Teresa de Jes\u00fas, 32, 50006, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: jens.klinzing@bitbrain.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-096X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bitbrain, Santa Teresa de Jes\u00fas, 32, 50006, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: jens.klinzing@bitbrain.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126955406","display_name":"Javier Minguez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Minguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bitbrain, Santa Teresa de Jes\u00fas, 32, 50006, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: javierminguez@bitbrain.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bitbrain, Santa Teresa de Jes\u00fas, 32, 50006, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: javierminguez@bitbrain.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060302183","display_name":"Luis Montesano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-349X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Montesano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bitbrain, Santa Teresa de Jes\u00fas, 32, 50006, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Informatics and Systems Engineering (DIIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mar\u00eda de Luna, 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: luis.montesano@bitbrain.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bitbrain, Santa Teresa de Jes\u00fas, 32, 50006, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Informatics and Systems Engineering (DIIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mar\u00eda de Luna, 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: luis.montesano@bitbrain.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038872270","display_name":"Eduardo L\u00f3pez\u2010Larraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5482-1347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091170","display_name":"Euskadiko Parke Teknologikoa","ror":"https://ror.org/00caq9197","country_code":"ES","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091170"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo L\u00f3pez-Larraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bitbrain, Santa Teresa de Jes\u00fas, 32, 50006, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: eduardo.lopez@bitbrain.com"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5482-1347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bitbrain, Santa Teresa de Jes\u00fas, 32, 50006, Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: eduardo.lopez@bitbrain.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038872270"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091170"],"apc_list":{"value":2610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2610},"apc_paid":{"value":2610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2610},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44920537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"205","issue":null,"first_page":"111560","last_page":"111560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.46650001406669617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.46650001406669617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.2879999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.08299999684095383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","score":0.5996999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-apnea","display_name":"Sleep apnea","score":0.5414999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.45170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurostimulation","display_name":"Neurostimulation","score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-stages","display_name":"Sleep Stages","score":0.4194999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.5996999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5651000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777935920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213600","display_name":"Sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.5414999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.45170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776443511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1724687","display_name":"Neurostimulation","level":3,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910364982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep Stages","level":4,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4075999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3750999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83282275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7435350","display_name":"Scoring algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188394188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744029","display_name":"Sleep medicine","level":4,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1513209611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177190","display_name":"Sleep disorder","level":3,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778329153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364801","display_name":"Sleep deprivation","level":3,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776006263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16606552","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012891","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2026.111560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2026.111560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44278595","display_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0010-4825","issn":["0010-4825","1879-0534"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41762894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41762894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in biology and medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:zaguan.unizar.es:169934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/169934","pdf_url":"https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/169934/files/texto_completo.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401812","display_name":"Zaguan (University of Zaragoza Repository)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2026.111560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2026.111560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S44278595","display_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","issn_l":"0010-4825","issn":["0010-4825","1879-0534"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G483985776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IDI-20210522","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338388","funder_display_name":"Eurostars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5333244628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E! 115062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338388","funder_display_name":"Eurostars"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338388","display_name":"Eurostars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1689369912","https://openalex.org/W1963756232","https://openalex.org/W1977326341","https://openalex.org/W1983256092","https://openalex.org/W2023297898","https://openalex.org/W2042318537","https://openalex.org/W2143159308","https://openalex.org/W2144691514","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2163016920","https://openalex.org/W2172894528","https://openalex.org/W2328000889","https://openalex.org/W2412974818","https://openalex.org/W2560384232","https://openalex.org/W2592790085","https://openalex.org/W2604096629","https://openalex.org/W2802673605","https://openalex.org/W2808673984","https://openalex.org/W2889568084","https://openalex.org/W2893892260","https://openalex.org/W2902751862","https://openalex.org/W2904418346","https://openalex.org/W2920016582","https://openalex.org/W2963919481","https://openalex.org/W2965058379","https://openalex.org/W2969159609","https://openalex.org/W2976875255","https://openalex.org/W2981836045","https://openalex.org/W3009734525","https://openalex.org/W3012581557","https://openalex.org/W3035374448","https://openalex.org/W3038133910","https://openalex.org/W3042479763","https://openalex.org/W3044656331","https://openalex.org/W3094135129","https://openalex.org/W3095923788","https://openalex.org/W3133617246","https://openalex.org/W3156463266","https://openalex.org/W3158818505","https://openalex.org/W3160285689","https://openalex.org/W3165396901","https://openalex.org/W3184196062","https://openalex.org/W3189411510","https://openalex.org/W4200154814","https://openalex.org/W4213139361","https://openalex.org/W4220926042","https://openalex.org/W4225637120","https://openalex.org/W4229023231","https://openalex.org/W4241718126","https://openalex.org/W4283787456","https://openalex.org/W4285404982","https://openalex.org/W4286267940","https://openalex.org/W4308364587","https://openalex.org/W4312411665","https://openalex.org/W4313325470","https://openalex.org/W4317795279","https://openalex.org/W4323316076","https://openalex.org/W4366207489","https://openalex.org/W4378386029","https://openalex.org/W4383532532","https://openalex.org/W4383822106","https://openalex.org/W4384663317","https://openalex.org/W4385656632","https://openalex.org/W4387668984","https://openalex.org/W4388793893","https://openalex.org/W4390035551","https://openalex.org/W4390887452","https://openalex.org/W4392119646","https://openalex.org/W4396696539"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0,206],"therapeutics,":[1],"enabled":[2],"by":[3],"advanced":[4],"machine":[5],"learning":[6],"algorithms":[7],"and":[8,19,33,52,83,106,115,167,218,245,253,261],"medical":[9],"wearable":[10,42],"devices,":[11],"offer":[12,246],"a":[13,96,128,172,177],"promising":[14],"approach":[15],"to":[16,22,160,170,191,228],"streamline":[17],"diagnostics":[18],"improve":[20],"access":[21],"healthcare.":[23],"Within":[24],"this":[25],"framework,":[26],"automatic":[27,56,91,209,242],"sleep":[28,35,57,92,118,124,152,188,201,210,226,243,255],"scoring":[29,58,93,125,153,211,244],"can":[30,154],"provide":[31,235],"accurate":[32],"efficient":[34,254],"analysis":[36,227],"from":[37],"electrophysiological":[38],"signals":[39],"recorded":[40],"with":[41,117,136,140,144,157,187,222],"sensors,":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45],"electroencephalography":[46],"(EEG).":[47],"However,":[48],"the":[49,74,88,195,239,249],"optimal":[50],"configuration":[51],"temporal":[53,81,107],"dynamics":[54,108],"of":[55,90,174,241,251],"systems":[59],"remain":[60],"unclear,":[61],"especially":[62],"concerning":[63],"their":[64],"performance":[65,89],"across":[66],"different":[67],"population":[68,85],"samples.":[69],"This":[70],"study":[71],"systematically":[72],"investigates":[73],"impact":[75],"of:":[76],"(1)":[77],"electrode":[78,104],"setup,":[79],"(2)":[80],"scope,":[82],"(3)":[84],"characteristics":[86],"on":[87,127,165],"algorithms.":[94],"Utilizing":[95],"convolutional":[97],"neural":[98],"network":[99],"(CNN),":[100],"we":[101,148],"analyzed":[102],"various":[103],"configurations":[105],"using":[109],"datasets":[110],"comprising":[111],"both":[112,259],"healthy":[113,192],"participants":[114],"individuals":[116,186],"apnea.":[119],"Our":[120,233],"findings":[121,234],"reveal":[122],"that":[123,150],"based":[126],"single":[129],"frontal":[130],"EEG":[131],"channel":[132],"demonstrates":[133],"reliable":[134],"congruency":[135],"human":[137],"expert":[138],"scorers,":[139],"minimal":[141],"improvement":[142],"observed":[143,184],"additional":[145],"sensors.":[146],"Moreover,":[147],"demonstrate":[149],"real-time":[151],"be":[155],"achieved":[156],"comparable":[158],"accuracy":[159,182],"offline":[161],"methods,":[162],"which":[163],"rely":[164],"past":[166],"future":[168],"information":[169],"classify":[171],"window":[173],"interest.":[175],"Remarkably,":[176],"notable":[178],"reduction":[179],"in":[180,198,203,258],"decoding":[181],"is":[183],"for":[185,208,214,248],"apnea":[189],"compared":[190],"participants,":[193],"highlighting":[194],"challenges":[196],"inherent":[197],"accurately":[199],"assessing":[200],"stages":[202],"clinical":[204,260],"populations.":[205],"solutions":[207],"hold":[212],"promise":[213],"facilitating":[215],"timely":[216],"diagnoses":[217],"personalized":[219],"treatment":[220],"plans,":[221],"applications":[223],"extending":[224],"beyond":[225],"include":[229],"closed-loop":[230],"neurostimulation":[231],"interventions.":[232],"valuable":[236],"insights":[237],"into":[238],"complexities":[240],"considerations":[247],"development":[250],"effective":[252],"assessment":[256],"tools":[257],"research":[262],"settings.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-02-27T00:00:00"}