{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162673555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111873","title":"Multi-rate PWM flow regulation for canopy-adapted variable-rate spraying in a smart tree crop sprayer","display_name":"Multi-rate PWM flow regulation for canopy-adapted variable-rate spraying in a smart tree crop sprayer","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162673555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2026.111873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018870653","display_name":"Deniver R. Schutz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-9634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126525","display_name":"Southwest Florida Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02ykxyy09","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126525"]}],"countries":["BR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deniver Reinke Schutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Immokalee FL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, S\u00e3o Carlos School of Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil","Embrapa Instrumentation, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-9634","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Immokalee FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, S\u00e3o Carlos School of Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Instrumentation, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137247962","display_name":"Antonio O. Neto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126525","display_name":"Southwest Florida Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02ykxyy09","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio O. Neto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Immokalee FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Immokalee FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137249399","display_name":"Yiannis Ampatzidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3660-3298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126525","display_name":"Southwest Florida Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02ykxyy09","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiannis Ampatzidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Immokalee FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3660-3298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Immokalee FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137286811","display_name":"Vilma A. Oliveira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vilma A. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, S\u00e3o Carlos School of Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil","Embrapa Instrumentation, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, S\u00e3o Carlos School of Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Instrumentation, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137290584","display_name":"Paulo E. Cruvinel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo E. Cruvinel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, S\u00e3o Carlos School of Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil","Embrapa Instrumentation, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, S\u00e3o Carlos School of Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Instrumentation, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018870653","https://openalex.org/A5137249399"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374","https://openalex.org/I199691007","https://openalex.org/I4210126525"],"apc_list":{"value":3680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3680},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97485524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"250","issue":null,"first_page":"111873","last_page":"111873"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12161","display_name":"Plant Surface Properties and Treatments","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12161","display_name":"Plant Surface Properties and Treatments","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12321","display_name":"Insect Pheromone Research and Control","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sprayer","display_name":"Sprayer","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.5213000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.328900009393692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778230297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141546","display_name":"Sprayer","level":2,"score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5213000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47136581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000047","display_name":"Agricultural machinery","level":3,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116067010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698686","display_name":"Airflow","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30905978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815598","display_name":"Metering mode","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2026.111873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1928089272","https://openalex.org/W1986922155","https://openalex.org/W2014397957","https://openalex.org/W2468290698","https://openalex.org/W3007854545","https://openalex.org/W3091113709","https://openalex.org/W3189710062","https://openalex.org/W3193579629","https://openalex.org/W3194451337","https://openalex.org/W3216900205","https://openalex.org/W4200186792","https://openalex.org/W4288040886","https://openalex.org/W4321371968","https://openalex.org/W4321598533","https://openalex.org/W4322761840","https://openalex.org/W4377939121","https://openalex.org/W4391154821","https://openalex.org/W4406731328","https://openalex.org/W4411427907","https://openalex.org/W4412668731","https://openalex.org/W4413192322","https://openalex.org/W4414522469"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2026-05-29T00:00:00"}
