{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160823098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111857","title":"Adaptive sliding mode observer with Metaheuristic optimization for accurate state estimation in distributed electric drive plant protection vehicles","display_name":"Adaptive sliding mode observer with Metaheuristic optimization for accurate state estimation in distributed electric drive plant protection vehicles","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160823098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2026.111857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111857","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087314998","display_name":"Wenxiang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6476-4710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100746762","display_name":"Yejun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9015-6217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yejun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009459376","display_name":"Maohua Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-1035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maohua Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-1035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135852671","display_name":"Yiyang Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135853110","display_name":"Zheng He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110847477","display_name":"Yanpeng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2129-5938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097328","display_name":"Fuyao Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00wja7n54","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097328"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanpeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China","YTO Group Corporation, Luoyang 471004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"YTO Group Corporation, Luoyang 471004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097328"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135880284","display_name":"Ze Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ze Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009459376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"],"apc_list":{"value":3680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3680},"apc_paid":{"value":3680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3680},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88680261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"249","issue":null,"first_page":"111857","last_page":"111857"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13644","display_name":"Control Systems in Engineering","score":0.23070000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13644","display_name":"Control Systems in Engineering","score":0.23070000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.1835000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.1379999965429306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.5666999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5544999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5411999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.5117999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-observer","display_name":"State observer","score":0.47290000319480896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5849000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5666999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5544999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5411999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.5117999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3031470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818544","display_name":"State observer","level":3,"score":0.47290000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8171440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903414","display_name":"Steady state (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2026.111857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2026.111857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6159917116165161,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980900857","https://openalex.org/W2018323707","https://openalex.org/W2900553792","https://openalex.org/W2953457533","https://openalex.org/W2953538504","https://openalex.org/W2964336724","https://openalex.org/W2969725883","https://openalex.org/W3081295349","https://openalex.org/W4220977717","https://openalex.org/W4283827553","https://openalex.org/W4285678450","https://openalex.org/W4288488827","https://openalex.org/W4308405050","https://openalex.org/W4311756731","https://openalex.org/W4312080879","https://openalex.org/W4387611528","https://openalex.org/W4388250833","https://openalex.org/W4390350677","https://openalex.org/W4391390644","https://openalex.org/W4392266854","https://openalex.org/W4392432776","https://openalex.org/W4392543397","https://openalex.org/W4392875722","https://openalex.org/W4394992056","https://openalex.org/W4396707757","https://openalex.org/W4400164042","https://openalex.org/W4400769150","https://openalex.org/W4401732406","https://openalex.org/W4401903052","https://openalex.org/W4402347914","https://openalex.org/W4402630870","https://openalex.org/W4403998592","https://openalex.org/W4404135705","https://openalex.org/W4404240264","https://openalex.org/W4406356171","https://openalex.org/W4406819520"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u2022":[0,11,25,41],"Proposed":[1],"a":[2,43,123,176,190],"CEPSO-ASMO":[3,237,300],"framework":[4],"for":[5,47,98,134],"nonlinear":[6],"agricultural":[7,50,54,114,146],"vehicle":[8,51,93,141,228],"state":[9,36,245,287,309],"estimation.":[10],"Reduced":[12],"tire":[13,38,177,241,255,304],"force":[14,39,242,256],"estimation":[15,246,257,288],"errors":[16],"by":[17,172,259],"38.32%":[18,260],"and":[19,37,70,77,89,92,159,164,193,208,221,243,261,269,306],"42.10%":[20],"under":[21,263],"two":[22,264],"road":[23,68,158,162,266],"conditions.":[24],"Field":[26],"tests":[27],"on":[28],"DDEPPVs":[29],"achieved":[30],"below":[31],"5%":[32],"error":[33,258,282],"in":[34,113,149,154],"key":[35,84],"estimates.":[40],"Provides":[42],"low-cost":[44],"real-time":[45],"estimator":[46],"safer":[48],"autonomous":[49],"control.":[52],"In":[53,275],"plant":[55,57,139],"protection,":[56],"protection":[58,140],"vehicles":[59],"(PPV)":[60],"face":[61],"significant":[62],"stability":[63,100],"challenges":[64],"due":[65],"to":[66,199],"complex":[67],"conditions":[69],"the":[71,104,144,165,168,201,212,219,224,236,240,249,254,272,277,284,299],"unique":[72],"characteristics":[73],"of":[74,83,107,167,211,223,248,283,311],"specialized":[75],"tires":[76,147],"high":[78,105],"ground":[79],"clearance.":[80],"Accurate":[81],"measurement":[82],"parameters,":[85,207],"such":[86],"as":[87],"longitudinal":[88],"lateral":[90],"speeds":[91],"sideslip":[94],"angle,":[95],"is":[96],"essential":[97],"advanced":[99],"control":[101],".":[102],"However,":[103],"cost":[106],"precision":[108],"sensors":[109],"limits":[110],"their":[111],"use":[112],"vehicles.":[115],"To":[116],"address":[117],"this":[118,120],"challenge,":[119],"paper":[121],"proposes":[122],"Chaotic":[124],"enhanced":[125],"particle":[126],"swarm":[127],"optimization":[128],"adaptive":[129,183,213],"sliding":[130,178,204,214],"mode":[131,179,205,215],"observer":[132,180],"(CEPSO-ASMO)":[133],"distributed":[135],"electrically":[136],"driven":[137],"propelled":[138],"(DDEPPV).":[142],"Firstly,":[143],"special":[145],"used":[148],"DDEPPV":[150],"were":[151,197],"nonlinearly":[152],"modeled":[153],"conventional":[155],"hard":[156],"soil":[157,161],"soft":[160],"environments,":[163],"accuracy":[166,220,247],"model":[169],"was":[170,187,289],"verified":[171],"theoretical":[173],"analysis.":[174],"Secondly,":[175],"with":[181,233],"an":[182],"feedback":[184,202],"gain":[185],"mechanism":[186,192],"designed.":[188],"Then,":[189],"chaos":[191],"dynamic":[194,307],"adjustment":[195],"strategy":[196],"introduced":[198],"optimize":[200],"gain,":[203],"surface":[206],"other":[209],"aspects":[210],"observer,":[216],"which":[217],"improved":[218,239],"robustness":[222],"observer.":[225],"The":[226],"real":[227],"experiments":[229],"show":[230],"that,":[231],"compared":[232],"traditional":[234],"methods,":[235],"significantly":[238],"driving":[244,286,308],"DDEPPV.":[250],"This":[251],"method":[252],"reduced":[253],"42.1%":[262],"typical":[265],"conditions,":[267],"respectively,":[268],"effectively":[270],"suppressed":[271],"chattering":[273],"phenomenon.":[274],"addition,":[276],"normalized":[278],"root":[279],"mean":[280],"square":[281],"vehicle\u2019s":[285],"less":[290],"than":[291],"5%.":[292],"By":[293],"using":[294],"standard":[295],"high-frequency":[296],"onboard":[297],"sensors,":[298],"can":[301],"accurately":[302],"estimate":[303],"forces":[305],"parameters":[310],"DDEPPV,":[312],"offering":[313],"promising":[314],"engineering":[315],"application":[316],"prospects.":[317]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T06:04:23.736269","created_date":"2026-05-12T00:00:00"}
