{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154732897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111727","title":"Construction and validation of a characteristic apple discrete element model for mechanical compression and grasping","display_name":"Construction and validation of a characteristic apple discrete element model for mechanical compression and grasping","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154732897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2026.111727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029216203","display_name":"Ji Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaying Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057282533","display_name":"Yi Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0007-0394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133851739","display_name":"Guibin Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guibin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Agricultural Equipment for the Northern China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Agricultural Equipment for the Northern China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133868036","display_name":"Qiuyu Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuyu Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410548","display_name":"Zihan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5882-055X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050623393","display_name":"Fuzeng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0194-0032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuzeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Agricultural Equipment for the Northern China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Agricultural Equipment for the Northern China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015009959","display_name":"Z L Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Agricultural Equipment for the Northern China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Agricultural Equipment for the Northern China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091648693","display_name":"Yongfei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-7647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151987","display_name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckt8b96","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166367","display_name":"Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization","ror":"https://ror.org/05xgaq910","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987","https://openalex.org/I4210166367"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongfei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166367","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133851739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151987","https://openalex.org/I89652312"],"apc_list":{"value":3680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3680},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51177595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"248","issue":null,"first_page":"111727","last_page":"111727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12729","display_name":"Tree Root and Stability Studies","score":0.9315000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12729","display_name":"Tree Root and Stability Studies","score":0.9315000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12201","display_name":"Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization","score":0.018300000578165054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11978","display_name":"Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.669700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression","display_name":"Compression (physics)","score":0.6668000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.6028000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radius","display_name":"RADIUS","score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-element-method","display_name":"Discrete element method","score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.36410000920295715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.669700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6668000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.6028000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5371999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.436599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171872576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902783","display_name":"Discrete element method","level":2,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180478085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1973366","display_name":"Universal testing machine","level":3,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989152160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82580","display_name":"Friction coefficient","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983447341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413083","display_name":"Model parameter","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128990827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192830","display_name":"Coefficient of determination","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.compag.2026.111727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2026.111727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116775814","display_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","issn_l":"0168-1699","issn":["0168-1699","1872-7107"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7170003778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32501807","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333688","funder_display_name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7698983491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2452025192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324531","funder_display_name":"Northwest A and F University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7812715841","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2452025120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324531","funder_display_name":"Northwest A and F University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324531","display_name":"Northwest A and F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333688","display_name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003309209","https://openalex.org/W2055942472","https://openalex.org/W2071024248","https://openalex.org/W2178100805","https://openalex.org/W2894216069","https://openalex.org/W2946249790","https://openalex.org/W2966554765","https://openalex.org/W3103578592","https://openalex.org/W3213238303","https://openalex.org/W3214288786","https://openalex.org/W4281785740","https://openalex.org/W4283390743","https://openalex.org/W4293162889","https://openalex.org/W4318829018","https://openalex.org/W4386933331","https://openalex.org/W4387527874","https://openalex.org/W4387614456","https://openalex.org/W4391075654","https://openalex.org/W4392644362","https://openalex.org/W4394619929","https://openalex.org/W4394903815","https://openalex.org/W4400079580","https://openalex.org/W4401010430","https://openalex.org/W4401105573","https://openalex.org/W4402892792","https://openalex.org/W4404862911","https://openalex.org/W4404931836","https://openalex.org/W4407352551","https://openalex.org/W4409141775","https://openalex.org/W4409463322","https://openalex.org/W4413056883","https://openalex.org/W4413122821"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T06:11:07.267592","created_date":"2026-04-18T00:00:00"}