{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135405471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112205","title":"Hybrid clustering-guided federated learning for robust intrusion detection in highly heterogeneous IoT environments","display_name":"Hybrid clustering-guided federated learning for robust intrusion detection in highly heterogeneous IoT environments","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135405471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63392143","display_name":"Computer Networks","issn_l":"1389-1286","issn":["1389-1286","1872-7069"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112205","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119437561","display_name":"Luis Miguel Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1ez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","display_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/05r78ng12","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis Miguel Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Investigaci\u00f3n 2, Albacete, 02071, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3852-6313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Investigaci\u00f3n 2, Albacete, 02071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004929778","display_name":"Sergio Ruiz-Villafranca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1063-7000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Ruiz-Villafranca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Madrid, Alan Turing s/n, Madrid, 28031, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1063-7000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Madrid, Alan Turing s/n, Madrid, 28031, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124147419","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Rold\u00e1n-G\u00f3mez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Rold\u00e1n-G\u00f3mez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zaragoza, C. Mar\u00eda de Luna, 3, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-1294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zaragoza, C. Mar\u00eda de Luna, 3, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129100921","display_name":"Javier Carrillo-Mond\u00e9jar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Carrillo-Mond\u00e9jar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zaragoza, C. Mar\u00eda de Luna, 3, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-4305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zaragoza, C. Mar\u00eda de Luna, 3, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124098008","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Mart\u00ednez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","display_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/05r78ng12","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Mart\u00ednez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Investigaci\u00f3n 2, Albacete, 02071, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5119-2418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Investigaci\u00f3n 2, Albacete, 02071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119437561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"apc_list":{"value":2370,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2370},"apc_paid":{"value":2370,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2370},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54653409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"281","issue":null,"first_page":"112205","last_page":"112205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.6818000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.6818000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.10369999706745148,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.016100000590085983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.7480999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.66839998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5809000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion","display_name":"Intrusion","score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-prevention-system","display_name":"Intrusion prevention system","score":0.29030001163482666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.7480999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.66839998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5809000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27061796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion prevention system","level":3,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.26170000433921814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63392143","display_name":"Computer Networks","issn_l":"1389-1286","issn":["1389-1286","1872-7069"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zaguan.unizar.es:170278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402461","display_name":"Zaguan (Universidad de Zaragoza)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63392143","display_name":"Computer Networks","issn_l":"1389-1286","issn":["1389-1286","1872-7069"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4825984835624695,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1090419241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SBPLY/21/180501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327216","funder_display_name":"Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1622782223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1651586877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SBPLY/21/180501/000195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327216","funder_display_name":"Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2926719786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SBPLY/21/180501/000195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3020948319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326208","funder_display_name":"Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3275112130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SBPLY/21/180501/000195","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3300010646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T21-23R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327970","funder_display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3681454997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4042783231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G451917667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G464105488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5013953019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021-131115A-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327970","funder_display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5206269142","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T21-23R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326208","funder_display_name":"Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5242768030","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2022-142332OA-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5338730000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G552739285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5967599077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6218905885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","funder_display_name":"European Social Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6404521171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021-131115A-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6717360308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2024-158682OB-C32","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6756106972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266728691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7295734601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2022-142332OA-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8642584733","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024-UNIVERS-12844","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324466","funder_display_name":"Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324466","display_name":"Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/05r78ng12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326208","display_name":"Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/0425pg203"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327216","display_name":"Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv91m18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327970","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2141264669","https://openalex.org/W2604756720","https://openalex.org/W2798115135","https://openalex.org/W2799758613","https://openalex.org/W3080934299","https://openalex.org/W3126610160","https://openalex.org/W3128699734","https://openalex.org/W3155912831","https://openalex.org/W3170382704","https://openalex.org/W3182125009","https://openalex.org/W3191470662","https://openalex.org/W3191884578","https://openalex.org/W4226319939","https://openalex.org/W4280638404","https://openalex.org/W4303980550","https://openalex.org/W4309080560","https://openalex.org/W4320341434","https://openalex.org/W4383069660","https://openalex.org/W4385234157","https://openalex.org/W4386413091","https://openalex.org/W4386748614","https://openalex.org/W4387092459","https://openalex.org/W4388469770","https://openalex.org/W4390262813","https://openalex.org/W4392851481","https://openalex.org/W4392901776","https://openalex.org/W4399168337","https://openalex.org/W4400292687","https://openalex.org/W4400625028","https://openalex.org/W4404998413","https://openalex.org/W4405631660","https://openalex.org/W4406105642","https://openalex.org/W4409700807","https://openalex.org/W4411453446","https://openalex.org/W4417503175"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,201],"growing":[1],"complexity":[2],"and":[3,18,37,50,66,74,83,164,171,184,196,213,241,253],"scale":[4],"of":[5,7,15,22,52,115,129,189,217,249],"Internet":[6],"Things":[8],"(IoT)":[9],"ecosystems":[10],"have":[11],"intensified":[12],"the":[13,20,48,113,120,187,190,256],"emergence":[14],"cyber":[16],"threats":[17],"amplified":[19],"impact":[21],"data":[23],"heterogeneity":[24,138],"across":[25,145,193],"devices.":[26,40],"These":[27,233],"environments":[28],"are":[29],"characterised":[30],"by":[31],"their":[32],"inherent":[33],"hostility,":[34],"comprising":[35],"resource-limited":[36],"intermittently":[38],"connected":[39],"Consequently,":[41],"this":[42],"poses":[43],"a":[44,90,148,165,239],"considerable":[45],"challenge":[46],"to":[47,80,135,205],"stability":[49,254],"reliability":[51],"conventional":[53],"Federated":[54],"Learning":[55,198],"(FL)":[56],"approaches.":[57],"Standard":[58],"aggregation":[59],"schemes":[60],"such":[61,71],"as":[62,137,238],"FedAvg,":[63],"FedProx,":[64],"FedAdam,":[65],"SCAFFOLD":[67],"often":[68],"fail":[69],"under":[70,222],"extreme":[72],"non-Independent":[73],"Identically":[75],"Distributed":[76],"(non-IID)":[77],"conditions,":[78,225],"leading":[79],"unstable":[81],"convergence":[82],"biased":[84],"global":[85,166],"models.":[86,200],"This":[87],"work":[88],"introduces":[89],"double-clustering":[91],"federated":[92,245],"architecture":[93,202],"for":[94,169,244],"intrusion":[95,246],"detection":[96],"that":[97],"coordinates":[98],"training":[99],"at":[100],"two":[101],"levels.":[102],"Locally,":[103],"lightweight":[104,195],"micro-clustering":[105],"organises":[106],"client-side":[107],"updates":[108],"into":[109],"consistent":[110],"groups,":[111],"reducing":[112],"influence":[114],"inconsistent":[116],"local":[117],"updates.":[118],"At":[119],"server":[121],"level,":[122],"density-based":[123],"(HDBSCAN)":[124],"clustering":[125],"discovers":[126],"evolving":[127],"families":[128],"distributionally":[130],"compatible":[131],"clients,":[132],"allowing":[133],"coordination":[134,237],"adapt":[136],"evolves":[139],"over":[140,215],"time.":[141],"Clustering":[142],"is":[143],"stabilised":[144],"rounds":[146],"through":[147],"stability-aware":[149],"assignment":[150],"rule.":[151],"Training":[152],"then":[153],"proceeds":[154],"via":[155],"family-wise":[156],"aggregation,":[157],"producing":[158],"one":[159],"expert":[160],"model":[161,168],"per":[162],"family":[163],"fallback":[167],"outliers":[170],"unassigned":[172],"participants.":[173],"Extensive":[174],"experiments":[175],"on":[176],"three":[177],"public":[178],"IoT":[179,259],"cybersecurity":[180],"datasets,":[181],"X-IIoTID,":[182],"RT-IoT22,":[183],"Edge-IIoTset,":[185],"demonstrate":[186],"robustness":[188],"proposed":[191],"strategy":[192],"both":[194],"Deep":[197],"(DL)":[199],"achieves":[203],"up":[204],"19.9%":[206],"higher":[207],"F1-score":[208],"than":[209],"standard":[210],"FL":[211],"methods":[212],"maintains":[214],"90%":[216],"its":[218],"peak":[219],"performance":[220],"even":[221],"severe":[223],"non-IID":[224],"while":[226],"keeping":[227],"runtime":[228],"variations":[229],"within":[230],"\u00b1":[231],"15%.":[232],"results":[234],"establish":[235],"clustering-guided":[236],"practical":[240],"resilient":[242],"foundation":[243],"detection,":[247],"capable":[248],"sustaining":[250],"high":[251],"accuracy":[252],"in":[255],"most":[257],"adversarial":[258],"environments.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T06:27:02.140700","created_date":"2026-03-15T00:00:00"}