{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125487529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112055","title":"ROAR: A resource-optimized adaptive routing protocol for underwater acoustic communication networks","display_name":"ROAR: A resource-optimized adaptive routing protocol for underwater acoustic communication networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125487529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63392143","display_name":"Computer Networks","issn_l":"1389-1286","issn":["1389-1286","1872-7069"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104009028","display_name":"J. J. He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4740-4532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghua He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100190, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429270","display_name":"Jie Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-0432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123657944","display_name":"Zhanqing Pu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanqing Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066779249","display_name":"Yunan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-5199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038394822","display_name":"W. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103008941","display_name":"Haining Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7014-7222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099069","display_name":"Institute of Acoustics","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8rqv75","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haining Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099069","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100429270","https://openalex.org/A5103008941"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099069"],"apc_list":{"value":2370,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2370},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16666667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"277","issue":null,"first_page":"112055","last_page":"112055"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5692999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zone-routing-protocol","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-vector-routing-protocol","display_name":"Distance-vector routing protocol","score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-routing","display_name":"Multipath routing","score":0.3718000054359436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8622999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6355000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5692999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189884158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8073926","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","level":5,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202385902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229441","display_name":"Distance-vector routing protocol","level":5,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76522221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035396","display_name":"Multipath routing","level":5,"score":0.3718000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87044965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091139","display_name":"Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol","level":5,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115443555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5367790","display_name":"Equal-cost multi-path routing","level":5,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120317029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874048","display_name":"Packet forwarding","level":3,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195563490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368","display_name":"Network congestion","level":3,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176809094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401496","display_name":"Traverse","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128917274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666535","display_name":"Path vector protocol","level":5,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2026.112055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63392143","display_name":"Computer Networks","issn_l":"1389-1286","issn":["1389-1286","1872-7069"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6910002827644348,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G256660528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62501589","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4146929254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E329130201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1833634424","https://openalex.org/W2063884165","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2130509337","https://openalex.org/W2161080764","https://openalex.org/W2163545295","https://openalex.org/W2950961153","https://openalex.org/W2965700949","https://openalex.org/W3119915333","https://openalex.org/W3166691606","https://openalex.org/W3176919558","https://openalex.org/W3215168393","https://openalex.org/W4313886733","https://openalex.org/W4322766005","https://openalex.org/W4378530183","https://openalex.org/W4387247618","https://openalex.org/W4388286305","https://openalex.org/W4390906203","https://openalex.org/W4393972746","https://openalex.org/W4396909983","https://openalex.org/W4399207994","https://openalex.org/W4403182130","https://openalex.org/W4405198725","https://openalex.org/W4408168460","https://openalex.org/W4409385269"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-24T00:00:00"}