{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7132816452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2026.111928","title":"Using modeling techniques for sustainable last mile deliveries in urban areas: A VRP simulation in Pamplona\u2019s Old Town using cargo bikes","display_name":"Using modeling techniques for sustainable last mile deliveries in urban areas: A VRP simulation in Pamplona\u2019s Old Town using cargo bikes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7132816452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2026.111928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cie.2026.111928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2026.111928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196821226","display_name":"Computers & Industrial Engineering","issn_l":"0360-8352","issn":["0360-8352","1879-0550"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Industrial Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101986924","display_name":"Pablo \u00c1lvarez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo \u00c1lvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated Group of Logistics and Transportation GILT-OR, Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Group of Logistics and Transportation GILT-OR, Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005868084","display_name":"Adri\u00e1n Serrano-Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3623-4100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Serrano-Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated Group of Logistics and Transportation GILT-OR, Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Group of Logistics and Transportation GILT-OR, Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022333644","display_name":"Iosu Lerga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iosu Lerga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated Group of Logistics and Transportation GILT-OR, Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Group of Logistics and Transportation GILT-OR, Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Javier Faulin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad Publica de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Faulin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated Group of Logistics and Transportation GILT-OR, Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Group of Logistics and Transportation GILT-OR, Institute of Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005868084"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"],"apc_list":{"value":3310,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3310},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51318178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"216","issue":null,"first_page":"111928","last_page":"111928"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11223","display_name":"Maritime Ports and Logistics","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/city-logistics","display_name":"City logistics","score":0.6255000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.6201000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.5674999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-transport","display_name":"Sustainable transport","score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-management","display_name":"Traffic management","score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsimulation","display_name":"Microsimulation","score":0.3986999988555908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.6772000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987704428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7900121","display_name":"City logistics","level":2,"score":0.6255000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.6201000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.5674999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157181609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364310","display_name":"Sustainable transport","level":3,"score":0.49050000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C532444271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2516403","display_name":"Traffic management","level":2,"score":0.4537999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780015235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934035","display_name":"Microsimulation","level":2,"score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778391309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832527","display_name":"Traffic simulation","level":3,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780032489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652360","display_name":"Sustainable city","level":3,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45440154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6494801","display_name":"Last mile (transportation)","level":3,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169126","display_name":"Green logistics","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cie.2026.111928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2026.111928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196821226","display_name":"Computers & Industrial Engineering","issn_l":"0360-8352","issn":["0360-8352","1879-0550"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers &amp; Industrial Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.45627015829086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323261","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia","ror":"https://ror.org/02msb5n36"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017532148","https://openalex.org/W2034407146","https://openalex.org/W2038433380","https://openalex.org/W2111581650","https://openalex.org/W2146100722","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2765192863","https://openalex.org/W2795263003","https://openalex.org/W2799516057","https://openalex.org/W2801358948","https://openalex.org/W2883026175","https://openalex.org/W2898881091","https://openalex.org/W2964487007","https://openalex.org/W2969685310","https://openalex.org/W2972620892","https://openalex.org/W2996796639","https://openalex.org/W3006014023","https://openalex.org/W3085644258","https://openalex.org/W3089546295","https://openalex.org/W3112616303","https://openalex.org/W3127653298","https://openalex.org/W3132206491","https://openalex.org/W3134157027","https://openalex.org/W3188004012","https://openalex.org/W3202719922","https://openalex.org/W3204694606","https://openalex.org/W4200527305","https://openalex.org/W4205361983","https://openalex.org/W4286562077","https://openalex.org/W4297880249","https://openalex.org/W4386194105"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-03-01T00:00:00"}
