{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412564332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100185","title":"Do truthfulness notifications influence perceptions of AI-generated political images? A cognitive investigation with EEG","display_name":"Do truthfulness notifications influence perceptions of AI-generated political images? A cognitive investigation with EEG","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412564332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287529","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans","issn_l":"2949-8821","issn":["2949-8821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100185","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064505698","display_name":"Colin Conrad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-1670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Colin Conrad","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Digital Transformation, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-1670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Digital Transformation, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083014843","display_name":"Anika Nissen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-7536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120691247","display_name":"FernUniversit\u00e4t in Hagen","ror":"https://ror.org/04tkkr536","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120691247"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anika Nissen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Business Information Systems, University of Hagen, Hagen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-7536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Business Information Systems, University of Hagen, Hagen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120691247"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116289586","display_name":"Kya Masoumi-Ravandi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kya Masoumi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6908-6877","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116289587","display_name":"Mayank Ramchandani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayank Ramchandani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8762-8846","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rafael Fecury Braga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6975-2542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Fecury Braga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6975-2542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014374491","display_name":"Aaron J. Newman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5290-8342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron J. Newman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5290-8342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064505698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16692684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"100185","last_page":"100185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7251065969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6813856363296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.6297041177749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.5607516169548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5568550229072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5028321146965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39810431003570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38168761134147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.32433217763900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.24734845757484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.09640741348266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.06895226240158081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7251065969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6813856363296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6297041177749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5607516169548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5568550229072571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5028321146965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39810431003570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38168761134147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32433217763900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24734845757484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.09640741348266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06895226240158081}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287529","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans","issn_l":"2949-8821","issn":["2949-8821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287529","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans","issn_l":"2949-8821","issn":["2949-8821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G980512119","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"430-2021-0184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","funder_display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334617","display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04j5jqy92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F7697234222","display_name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04j5jqy92"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41828748","https://openalex.org/W1824626053","https://openalex.org/W1975132501","https://openalex.org/W1989261819","https://openalex.org/W1990855686","https://openalex.org/W1994213885","https://openalex.org/W2005587621","https://openalex.org/W2014817911","https://openalex.org/W2028602962","https://openalex.org/W2046856252","https://openalex.org/W2071342046","https://openalex.org/W2098100592","https://openalex.org/W2104640717","https://openalex.org/W2135595031","https://openalex.org/W2141224535","https://openalex.org/W2142821494","https://openalex.org/W2149857318","https://openalex.org/W2167827350","https://openalex.org/W2168689324","https://openalex.org/W2264067869","https://openalex.org/W2337983557","https://openalex.org/W2599251041","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2769533150","https://openalex.org/W2776946429","https://openalex.org/W2791544114","https://openalex.org/W2914783728","https://openalex.org/W2925285378","https://openalex.org/W2953144973","https://openalex.org/W2969217964","https://openalex.org/W2973368453","https://openalex.org/W2974550657","https://openalex.org/W2980765523","https://openalex.org/W3014832748","https://openalex.org/W3019296942","https://openalex.org/W3040894825","https://openalex.org/W3123744018","https://openalex.org/W3134428422","https://openalex.org/W3152157423","https://openalex.org/W3154483712","https://openalex.org/W3157707659","https://openalex.org/W3159724051","https://openalex.org/W3173448866","https://openalex.org/W3195996306","https://openalex.org/W3203018907","https://openalex.org/W4205951502","https://openalex.org/W4213187648","https://openalex.org/W4221014470","https://openalex.org/W4224035735","https://openalex.org/W4238225548","https://openalex.org/W4285387229","https://openalex.org/W4367183854","https://openalex.org/W4385351478","https://openalex.org/W4386134163","https://openalex.org/W4386527908","https://openalex.org/W4387048469","https://openalex.org/W4387666703","https://openalex.org/W4388083554","https://openalex.org/W4390111229","https://openalex.org/W4391616199","https://openalex.org/W4396698906","https://openalex.org/W4399358333","https://openalex.org/W4399568367","https://openalex.org/W4399793424","https://openalex.org/W4400471800","https://openalex.org/W4401803345","https://openalex.org/W4401887791","https://openalex.org/W4402439645","https://openalex.org/W4406028294","https://openalex.org/W4406237151","https://openalex.org/W4412625556","https://openalex.org/W6654135781","https://openalex.org/W6727580200","https://openalex.org/W6729802433","https://openalex.org/W6800172160","https://openalex.org/W6851579211","https://openalex.org/W6852284600","https://openalex.org/W6855025382","https://openalex.org/W6856196885","https://openalex.org/W6857297641","https://openalex.org/W6858669851","https://openalex.org/W6860160974","https://openalex.org/W6861332147","https://openalex.org/W6869121954","https://openalex.org/W6871078829","https://openalex.org/W6871571810","https://openalex.org/W6871858105","https://openalex.org/W6966809343","https://openalex.org/W6996716824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W2057366091","https://openalex.org/W4312960290","https://openalex.org/W2049513647","https://openalex.org/W2988848585","https://openalex.org/W2792001330","https://openalex.org/W2087303720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Political":[0],"misinformation":[1,220],"is":[2,224,299],"a":[3,84],"growing":[4],"problem":[5],"for":[6,217,302],"democracies,":[7],"partly":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,35,98,139,166,186,247],"the":[11,33,37,71,79,103,108,119,126,129,146,187,198,222],"rise":[12],"of":[13,39,74,110,125,168,197,295],"widely":[14],"accessible":[15],"artificial":[16],"intelligence-generated":[17],"content":[18,30],"(AIGC).":[19],"In":[20,45,78,118],"response,":[21],"social":[22],"media":[23],"platforms":[24],"are":[25,154,164,262],"increasingly":[26],"considering":[27],"explicit":[28],"AI":[29],"labeling,":[31],"though":[32],"evidence":[34],"support":[36],"effectiveness":[38],"this":[40,46],"approach":[41,216],"has":[42],"been":[43],"mixed.":[44],"paper,":[47],"we":[48,82,122],"discuss":[49],"two":[50,147],"studies":[51,148],"which":[52,287],"shed":[53],"light":[54],"on":[55],"antecedent":[56],"cognitive":[57],"processes":[58,105],"that":[59,150,209],"help":[60],"explain":[61],"why":[62],"and":[63,95,115,136,159,170,200,243,251,266,272,280],"how":[64],"AIGC":[65,116,180,210,283,297],"labeling":[66,211],"impacts":[67],"user":[68],"evaluations":[69,109],"in":[70],"specific":[72],"context":[73],"AI-generated":[75,151],"political":[76,113,152,260,289],"images.":[77],"first":[80],"study,":[81,121],"conducted":[83],"neurophysiological":[85],"experiment":[86],"with":[87,107,156,238,277],"26":[88],"participants":[89,141],"using":[90,264],"EEG":[91,130,265],"event-related":[92],"potentials":[93],"(ERPs)":[94],"self-report":[96],"measures":[97],"gain":[99],"deeper":[100],"insights":[101],"into":[102,132],"brain":[104],"associated":[106,155,276],"artificially":[111],"generated":[112,259],"images":[114,153,261],"labels.":[117,181],"second":[120],"embedded":[123],"some":[124],"stimuli":[127,237],"from":[128,145],"study":[131],"replica":[133],"YouTube":[134],"recommendations":[135],"administered":[137],"them":[138],"276":[140],"online.":[142],"The":[143,293],"results":[144,232],"suggest":[149,208],"heightened":[157],"attentional":[158],"emotional":[160],"processing.":[161],"These":[162],"responses":[163],"linked":[165],"perceptions":[167,174],"humanness":[169,279],"trustworthiness.":[171,281],"Importantly,":[172],"trustworthiness":[173],"can":[175,212],"be":[176,213],"impacted":[177],"by":[178,195,233],"effective":[179,215],"We":[182],"found":[183],"effects":[184],"traceable":[185],"brain\u2019s":[188],"late-stage":[189],"executive":[190],"network":[191],"activity,":[192],"as":[193],"reflected":[194],"patterns":[196],"P300":[199,271],"late":[201],"positive":[202],"potential":[203],"(LPP)":[204],"components.":[205],"Our":[206],"findings":[207],"an":[214,267,296],"addressing":[218],"online":[219,268],"when":[221],"design":[223,250,294],"carefully":[225],"considered.":[226],"Future":[227],"research":[228],"could":[229],"extend":[230],"these":[231],"pairing":[234],"more":[235],"photorealistic":[236],"ecologically":[239],"valid":[240],"social-media":[241],"tasks":[242],"multimodal":[244],"observation":[245],"techniques":[246],"refine":[248],"label":[249,298],"personalize":[252],"interventions":[253],"across":[254],"demographic":[255],"segments.":[256],"\u2022":[257,270,282,292],"Artificially":[258],"assessed":[263],"study.":[269],"LPP":[273],"were":[274],"negatively":[275],"perceived":[278],"labels":[284],"impact":[285],"trustworthiness,":[286],"influences":[288],"advice":[290],"intentions.":[291],"likely":[300],"important":[301],"discouraging":[303],"misinformation.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-03T00:53:05.648605","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}