{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411334184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100176","title":"Development and validation of a short AI literacy test (AILIT-S) for university students","display_name":"Development and validation of a short AI literacy test (AILIT-S) for university students","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411334184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287529","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans","issn_l":"2949-8821","issn":["2949-8821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100176","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000415562","display_name":"Marie Hornberger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marie Hornberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015478550","display_name":"Arne Bewersdorff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-268X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arne Bewersdorff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-268X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075326311","display_name":"Daniel Schiff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-7303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel S. Schiff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-7303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063270174","display_name":"Claudia Nerdel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-8875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Nerdel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000415562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.2316,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98610721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"100176","last_page":"100176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13542","display_name":"Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13542","display_name":"Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13565","display_name":"Education and Learning Interventions","score":0.9584000110626221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14484","display_name":"Technology and Data Analysis","score":0.9483000040054321,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.6142889261245728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5056197643280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"Literacy","score":0.46895164251327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4113013744354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36989080905914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.28087884187698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08197745680809021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6142889261245728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5056197643280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.46895164251327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4113013744354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36989080905914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.28087884187698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08197745680809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287529","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans","issn_l":"2949-8821","issn":["2949-8821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c829622cb52f4ffb8d09a3049db7a919","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c829622cb52f4ffb8d09a3049db7a919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans, Vol 5, Iss , Pp 100176- (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1784655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1784655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287529","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans","issn_l":"2949-8821","issn":["2949-8821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6265239396","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16DHBKI051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F747265653","display_name":"Google Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1913957972","https://openalex.org/W2005364767","https://openalex.org/W2035412483","https://openalex.org/W2051850371","https://openalex.org/W2061935394","https://openalex.org/W2083543202","https://openalex.org/W2126784370","https://openalex.org/W2132290280","https://openalex.org/W2132654888","https://openalex.org/W2139736795","https://openalex.org/W2171122781","https://openalex.org/W2559701890","https://openalex.org/W3029022390","https://openalex.org/W3165236410","https://openalex.org/W3215201135","https://openalex.org/W4243451157","https://openalex.org/W4280549083","https://openalex.org/W4283384187","https://openalex.org/W4297093142","https://openalex.org/W4317581943","https://openalex.org/W4385396616","https://openalex.org/W4387082112","https://openalex.org/W4387368391","https://openalex.org/W4391903960","https://openalex.org/W4393187628","https://openalex.org/W4396517756","https://openalex.org/W4396655318","https://openalex.org/W4401371637","https://openalex.org/W4402910730","https://openalex.org/W4403634296","https://openalex.org/W4407904456","https://openalex.org/W6678783441","https://openalex.org/W6679425210","https://openalex.org/W6778369530","https://openalex.org/W6803898819","https://openalex.org/W6839306730","https://openalex.org/W6842879457","https://openalex.org/W6849451633","https://openalex.org/W6849501546","https://openalex.org/W6854955989","https://openalex.org/W6856886064","https://openalex.org/W6856903051","https://openalex.org/W6866790981","https://openalex.org/W6874575375","https://openalex.org/W6877997851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fostering":[0],"AI":[1,14,23,56,71,83,110,164,211,251],"literacy":[2,15,24,57,72,84,111,165,212,252],"is":[3,174,262],"an":[4,107],"important":[5],"goal":[6],"in":[7,10,36,166,257],"higher":[8],"education":[9],"many":[11],"disciplines.":[12],"Assessing":[13],"can":[16,42,159],"inform":[17,44],"researchers":[18,195],"and":[19,26,34,46,51,77,90,94,101,143,158,186,196,230,236],"educators":[20],"on":[21,114,198,215],"current":[22],"levels":[25],"provide":[27],"insights":[28],"into":[29],"the":[30,37,49,69,171,178,202,228,231,239,243,254],"effectiveness":[31],"of":[32,39,68,82,106,117,132,139,155,238,242,250],"learning":[33],"teaching":[35],"field":[38],"AI.":[40],"It":[41],"also":[43],"decision-makers":[45],"policymakers":[47],"about":[48],"successes":[50],"gaps":[52],"with":[53,220],"respect":[54],"to":[55,135,145,162,200],"within":[58],"certain":[59],"institutions,":[60],"populations,":[61],"or":[62,204],"countries,":[63],"for":[64,194,265],"example.":[65],"However,":[66],"most":[67],"available":[70],"tests":[73],"are":[74],"quite":[75],"long":[76,179,203],"time-consuming.":[78],"A":[79],"short":[80,104,151,205,240],"test":[81,173,213,219,244],"would":[85],"instead":[86],"enable":[87],"efficient":[88,248],"measurement":[89],"facilitate":[91],"better":[92],"research":[93],"understanding.":[95],"In":[96],"this":[97],"study,":[98],"we":[99,128],"develop":[100],"validate":[102],"a":[103,115,130,209,216],"version":[105,241],"existing":[108],"validated":[109,217],"test.":[112],"Based":[113],"sample":[116],"1,465":[118,223],"university":[119,224],"students":[120,225],"across":[121,226],"three":[122],"Western":[123],"countries":[124],"(Germany,":[125],"UK,":[126,229],"US),":[127],"select":[129],"subset":[131],"items":[133,157],"according":[134],"content":[136],"validity,":[137],"coverage":[138],"different":[140],"difficulty":[141],"levels,":[142],"ability":[144],"discriminate":[146],"between":[147],"participants.":[148],"The":[149],"resulting":[150],"version,":[152,180],"AILIT-S,":[153],"consists":[154],"10":[156],"be":[160],"used":[161],"assess":[163],"under":[167,258],"5":[168,259],"minutes.":[169],"While":[170],"shortened":[172],"less":[175],"reliable":[176],"than":[177],"it":[181],"maintains":[182],"high":[183,188],"construct":[184],"validity":[185,237],"has":[187],"congruent":[189],"validity.":[190],"We":[191],"offer":[192],"recommendations":[193],"practitioners":[197],"when":[199],"use":[201],"version.":[206],"\u2022":[207,233,245],"Developed":[208],"10-item":[210],"based":[214],"28-item":[218],"data":[221],"from":[222],"Germany,":[227],"US":[232],"Demonstrates":[234],"reliability":[235],"AILIT-S":[246],"enables":[247],"assessment":[249,267],"at":[253],"group":[255],"level":[256],"minutes":[260],"but":[261],"not":[263],"intended":[264],"individual":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
