{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135425994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2026.108992","title":"GPT-4o reads the mind in the eyes","display_name":"GPT-4o reads the mind in the eyes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135425994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2026.108992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chb.2026.108992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2026.108992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204030396","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior","issn_l":"0747-5632","issn":["0747-5632","1873-7692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2026.108992","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129217982","display_name":"James W.A. Strachan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James W.A. Strachan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711","https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049392037","display_name":"Oriana Pansardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-1889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30771326","display_name":"Italian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042t93s57","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["DE","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oriana Pansardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognition, Motion and Neuroscience, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy","Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany","Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognition, Motion and Neuroscience, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711","https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044213191","display_name":"Marco Celotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0890-0703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Celotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","Institute for Neural Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Neural Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024540167","display_name":"Eugenio Scaliti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4977-2197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["DE","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugenio Scaliti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management \u201cValter Cantino\u201d, University of Turin, Turin, Italy","Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany","Human Science and Technologies, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management \u201cValter Cantino\u201d, University of Turin, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711","https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Science and Technologies, University of Turin, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124145420","display_name":"Krati Saxena","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119635470","display_name":"Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria","ror":"https://ror.org/01teme464","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krati Saxena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indeep Artificial Intelligence, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indeep Artificial Intelligence, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005309698","display_name":"Chunzhi Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-1109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161462","display_name":"Heilongjiang Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05x0m9n95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunzhi Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Neural Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany","The School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Neural Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129191605","display_name":"Fabio Manzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119635470","display_name":"Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria","ror":"https://ror.org/01teme464","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Manzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indeep Artificial Intelligence, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indeep Artificial Intelligence, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092681069","display_name":"Alessandro Rufo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8565-4192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119635470","display_name":"Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria","ror":"https://ror.org/01teme464","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Rufo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indeep Artificial Intelligence, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indeep Artificial Intelligence, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047718114","display_name":"Guido Manzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119635470","display_name":"Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria","ror":"https://ror.org/01teme464","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Manzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indeep Artificial Intelligence, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indeep Artificial Intelligence, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129266381","display_name":"Michael S.A. Graziano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S.A. Graziano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129111332","display_name":"Stefano Panzeri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Panzeri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Neural Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Neural Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007980619","display_name":"Cristina Becchio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6845-0521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Becchio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108711","https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007980619","https://openalex.org/A5129111332"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"],"apc_list":{"value":3440,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3440},"apc_paid":{"value":3440,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3440},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87303681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"181","issue":null,"first_page":"108992","last_page":"108992"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.7037000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.7037000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.04349999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.04179999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.6546000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6215000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-mind","display_name":"Theory of mind","score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-state","display_name":"Mental state","score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-processing","display_name":"Information processing","score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.3995000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6546000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6215000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779560602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639219","display_name":"Theory of mind","level":3,"score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5648000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779429828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3968640","display_name":"Mental state","level":2,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87868495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750843","display_name":"Information processing","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96199812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145290","display_name":"Mental representation","level":3,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100253034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Systematic error","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781283594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6863406","display_name":"Mind-wandering","level":3,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4051589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860959","display_name":"Mental image","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982912361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851867","display_name":"Mental model","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73782692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Random error","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chb.2026.108992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2026.108992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204030396","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior","issn_l":"0747-5632","issn":["0747-5632","1873-7692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.chb.2026.108992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2026.108992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204030396","display_name":"Computers in Human Behavior","issn_l":"0747-5632","issn":["0747-5632","1873-7692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers in Human Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8572648167610168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198089674","https://openalex.org/W1943649909","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1972727462","https://openalex.org/W1983006628","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W2061129974","https://openalex.org/W2078110539","https://openalex.org/W2083250197","https://openalex.org/W2092034265","https://openalex.org/W2099749875","https://openalex.org/W2103366970","https://openalex.org/W2117509237","https://openalex.org/W2128854499","https://openalex.org/W2147319985","https://openalex.org/W2152561229","https://openalex.org/W2154168931","https://openalex.org/W2168175751","https://openalex.org/W2223285751","https://openalex.org/W2300431707","https://openalex.org/W2594035753","https://openalex.org/W2738672149","https://openalex.org/W2798357113","https://openalex.org/W2798536775","https://openalex.org/W2799041689","https://openalex.org/W2945635708","https://openalex.org/W2969059826","https://openalex.org/W3196273509","https://openalex.org/W4211017739","https://openalex.org/W4229373944","https://openalex.org/W4235494587","https://openalex.org/W4281647240","https://openalex.org/W4294333904","https://openalex.org/W4319301677","https://openalex.org/W4381189852","https://openalex.org/W4388708748","https://openalex.org/W4389611070","https://openalex.org/W4394873366","https://openalex.org/W4398143508","https://openalex.org/W4404367163","https://openalex.org/W4404613713","https://openalex.org/W4413187278"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Humans":[0],"possess":[1],"a":[2,26,33,84],"sophisticated":[3],"ability":[4,20],"to":[5,134],"read":[6],"the":[7,10,40,42,48,51,54,145],"mind":[8,38],"in":[9,24,44,53,63,125,130,140],"eyes":[11],"of":[12,32,37,90,105],"other":[13],"people.":[14],"Here":[15],"we":[16,57],"tested":[17],"whether":[18],"this":[19],"is":[21],"also":[22],"present":[23],"GPT-4o,":[25],"multimodal":[27],"LLM.":[28],"Using":[29],"two":[30],"versions":[31],"widely":[34],"used":[35],"theory":[36],"test,":[39],"Reading":[41,50],"Mind":[43,52],"Eyes":[45,55],"Test":[46],"and":[47],"Multiracial":[49],"Test,":[56],"found":[58],"that":[59,100,104],"GPT-4o":[60,77,126,137],"outperformed":[61],"humans":[62,72,106,139],"extracting":[64],"mentalistic":[65],"information":[66,92,131],"from":[67,103,144],"upright":[68,113],"faces":[69,74,109],"but":[70,82,110],"underperformed":[71],"when":[73],"were":[75,79],"inverted.":[76],"errors":[78,159],"not":[80,111,161],"random":[81],"revealed":[83],"highly":[85,168],"consistent,":[86],"yet":[87],"incorrect,":[88],"processing":[89,132],"mental-state":[91],"across":[93],"trials,":[94],"with":[95],"an":[96],"orientation-dependent":[97],"error":[98,170],"structure":[99],"qualitatively":[101],"differed":[102],"for":[107,112],"inverted":[108],"faces.":[114],"These":[115],"findings":[116],"highlight":[117],"how":[118],"advanced":[119],"mental":[120,142],"state":[121],"inference":[122],"abilities":[123],"coexist":[124],"alongside":[127],"substantial":[128],"differences":[129],"compared":[133],"humans.":[135],"\u2022":[136,147,154,163],"surpasses":[138],"reading":[141],"states":[143],"eye-region.":[146],"Face":[148],"inversion":[149],"severely":[150],"reduces":[151],"GPT-4o\u2019s":[152,167],"mindreading.":[153],"Unlike":[155],"human":[156],"errors,":[157],"GPT-4o\u2019":[158],"are":[160],"random.":[162],"Error":[164],"analysis":[165],"reveals":[166],"structured":[169],"space.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T20:47:17.329874","created_date":"2026-03-15T00:00:00"}