{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416866400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100522","title":"Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in language teaching","display_name":"Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in language teaching","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416866400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100522","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074409104","display_name":"Peter Joseph Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8377-4981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Joseph Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8377-4981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120489159","display_name":"Yunus Emre Kahveci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4737-4312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunus Emre Kahveci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4737-4312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074409104"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":37.1918,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99728654,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"100522","last_page":"100522"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14182","display_name":"Technology-Enhanced Education Studies","score":0.05209999904036522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14182","display_name":"Technology-Enhanced Education Studies","score":0.05209999904036522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14240","display_name":"E-Learning and COVID-19","score":0.049300000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12260","display_name":"Educational Technology and Pedagogy","score":0.04899999871850014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.7718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-acquisition","display_name":"Language acquisition","score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-learning","display_name":"Vocabulary learning","score":0.3546000123023987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.7718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5515999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5228000283241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984601542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48842322","display_name":"Vocabulary learning","level":3,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150681269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2380771","display_name":"Cognitive style","level":3,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123960582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455196","display_name":"Language education","level":2,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114010052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150352","display_name":"Foreign language","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987567764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125421","display_name":"Second language","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170350167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455178","display_name":"Second-language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779313563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072565","display_name":"On Language","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d0194606785c4edbb004d3a30720b8b9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d0194606785c4edbb004d3a30720b8b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Vol 9, Iss , Pp 100522- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086645795","https://openalex.org/W2090290245","https://openalex.org/W2104657845","https://openalex.org/W2110346250","https://openalex.org/W2124812340","https://openalex.org/W2130736456","https://openalex.org/W2139168999","https://openalex.org/W2164093802","https://openalex.org/W2756464646","https://openalex.org/W2924426490","https://openalex.org/W3154713376","https://openalex.org/W4299627282","https://openalex.org/W4300413284","https://openalex.org/W4311869564","https://openalex.org/W4367055302","https://openalex.org/W4367849331","https://openalex.org/W4386369672","https://openalex.org/W4386558612","https://openalex.org/W4388232946","https://openalex.org/W4388263476","https://openalex.org/W4389793309","https://openalex.org/W4391934105","https://openalex.org/W4396874220","https://openalex.org/W4401515033","https://openalex.org/W4403548939","https://openalex.org/W4403698489","https://openalex.org/W4403985447"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,26,80,150,187,202,226,239],"effectiveness":[4,140],"of":[5,33,204,229],"artificial":[6],"intelligence":[7],"(AI)":[8],"in":[9,13,91,110,116,218],"language":[10,58,136],"teaching,":[11],"particularly":[12,123],"English":[14],"as":[15,173],"a":[16,30,51,174,198],"Foreign":[17],"Language":[18],"(EFL)":[19],"classrooms,":[20],"following":[21],"AI's":[22],"increased":[23],"adoption":[24],"after":[25],"COVID-19":[27],"pandemic.":[28],"Through":[29],"multilevel":[31],"meta-analysis":[32],"117":[34],"effect":[35],"sizes":[36],"across":[37,72,142],"46":[38],"empirical":[39],"studies":[40],"published":[41],"between":[42],"2022":[43],"and":[44,88,95,112,168,193,238],"2025,":[45],"results":[46],"show":[47],"that":[48],"AI":[49,106,121,143,154,170,205,248],"has":[50,233],"statistically":[52],"significant":[53],"medium-to-large":[54],"overall":[55],"impact":[56],"on":[57,236],"learning":[59,164],"(":[60],"g":[61],"=":[62],"0.74,":[63],"95":[64],"%":[65],"CI":[66],"[0.57,":[67],"0.92],":[68],"p":[69],"<":[70],".001)":[71],"all":[73],"five":[74],"major":[75],"skills,":[76],"with":[77],"vocabulary":[78],"showing":[79],"strongest":[81],"effects,":[82],"followed":[83],"by":[84],"reading,":[85],"writing,":[86],"listening,":[87],"speaking.":[89],"Grounded":[90],"constructivist,":[92],"adaptive":[93],"learning,":[94],"cognitive":[96,190,212],"load":[97,191],"theories,":[98],"moderator":[99],"analyses":[100],"revealed":[101],"several":[102],"key":[103],"insights:":[104],"(1)":[105],"is":[107,122],"more":[108,148],"effective":[109,124],"face-to-face":[111],"blended":[113],"settings":[114],"than":[115,149,177],"fully":[117],"online":[118],"classrooms;":[119],"(2)":[120],"for":[125,134,179,245],"younger":[126],"K-12":[127],"learners,":[128],"suggesting":[129],"tools":[130,206],"are":[131],"pedagogically":[132],"optimized":[133],"foundational":[135],"learning;":[137],"(3)":[138],"similar":[139],"outcomes":[141],"platforms":[144],"suggest":[145,197],"implementation":[146],"matters":[147],"tool":[151],"itself;":[152],"(4)":[153],"can":[155],"facilitate":[156],"task":[157],"completion":[158],"but":[159],"not":[160],"develop":[161],"long-term":[162],"autonomous":[163],"habits":[165],"like":[166],"self-regulation;":[167],"(5)":[169],"works":[171],"best":[172],"supplement":[175],"rather":[176],"replacement":[178],"traditional":[180],"teaching.":[181],"The":[182,223],"results,":[183],"when":[184],"interpreted":[185],"through":[186],"novelty":[188],"effect,":[189],"theory,":[192],"attention":[194],"economy":[195],"frameworks,":[196],"technology":[199],"saturation":[200],"effect:":[201],"failure":[203],"to":[207],"capture":[208],"distinctive":[209],"attention,":[210],"reduce":[211],"burden,":[213],"or":[214],"secure":[215],"focused":[216,235],"engagement":[217],"an":[219],"already":[220],"technology-rich":[221],"environment.":[222],"synthesis":[224],"outlines":[225],"current":[227],"state":[228],"EFL":[230],"literature,":[231],"which":[232],"been":[234],"Asia":[237],"Middle":[240],"East,":[241],"offering":[242],"practical":[243],"insights":[244],"educators":[246],"considering":[247],"integration.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-12-01T00:00:00"}