{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413237255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100460","title":"Investigating the impact of generative AI integration on the sustenance of higher-order thinking skills and understanding of programming logic","display_name":"Investigating the impact of generative AI integration on the sustenance of higher-order thinking skills and understanding of programming logic","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413237255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100460","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119316097","display_name":"Jemimah Nathaniel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186771145","display_name":"Covenant University","ror":"https://ror.org/00frr1n84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"]}],"countries":["FI","NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jemimah Nathaniel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria","School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186771145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031929045","display_name":"Solomon Sunday Oyelere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-6796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB","SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Solomon Sunday Oyelere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RN, United Kingdom","Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-6796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RN, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037597113","display_name":"Jarkko Suhonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3501-6286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jarkko Suhonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050967195","display_name":"Matti Tedre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1037-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Tedre","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-80101, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031929045","https://openalex.org/A5119316097"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246","https://openalex.org/I186771145","https://openalex.org/I190632392","https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":9.3828,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97852793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"100460","last_page":"100460"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustenance","display_name":"Sustenance","score":0.9682708978652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.6590852737426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-thinking","display_name":"Higher-order thinking","score":0.558943510055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5333625674247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-programming","display_name":"Logic programming","score":0.4758586287498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4747993052005768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-programming","display_name":"Inductive programming","score":0.4556870460510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4452204704284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36729755997657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.3428686559200287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.33335864543914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.32128095626831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.17557641863822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.15245085954666138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-method","display_name":"Teaching method","score":0.10409656167030334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776351498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434188","display_name":"Sustenance","level":2,"score":0.9682708978652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.6590852737426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777004525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5757990","display_name":"Higher-order thinking","level":4,"score":0.558943510055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5333625674247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128838566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275603","display_name":"Logic programming","level":2,"score":0.4758586287498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4747993052005768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.4556870460510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4452204704284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36729755997657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.3428686559200287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33335864543914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.32128095626831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17557641863822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15245085954666138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.10409656167030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141259","display_name":"Cognitively Guided Instruction","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:ltu-114509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-114509","pdf_url":"https://ltu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1993818/FULLTEXT02","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055297","display_name":"Epubl LTU","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:11b26a5692fa4d14b6d8d4624627e5d1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/11b26a5692fa4d14b6d8d4624627e5d1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Vol 9, Iss , Pp 100460- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1933421241","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2051576146","https://openalex.org/W2101781134","https://openalex.org/W2129476861","https://openalex.org/W2156656344","https://openalex.org/W2162821268","https://openalex.org/W2277442856","https://openalex.org/W2460117687","https://openalex.org/W2550568705","https://openalex.org/W2569623901","https://openalex.org/W2587585996","https://openalex.org/W2592216038","https://openalex.org/W2596493785","https://openalex.org/W2754799758","https://openalex.org/W2763766763","https://openalex.org/W2771402750","https://openalex.org/W2771644569","https://openalex.org/W2791566576","https://openalex.org/W2916035368","https://openalex.org/W2916510566","https://openalex.org/W2940964418","https://openalex.org/W2955623551","https://openalex.org/W2989860017","https://openalex.org/W2994789796","https://openalex.org/W3003720309","https://openalex.org/W3007763044","https://openalex.org/W3088328078","https://openalex.org/W3126040299","https://openalex.org/W3133648287","https://openalex.org/W3155263273","https://openalex.org/W3171148899","https://openalex.org/W3182892992","https://openalex.org/W3190857403","https://openalex.org/W3199189488","https://openalex.org/W3201638256","https://openalex.org/W4205137392","https://openalex.org/W4232485711","https://openalex.org/W4254608016","https://openalex.org/W4281839410","https://openalex.org/W4283167607","https://openalex.org/W4291476001","https://openalex.org/W4309777573","https://openalex.org/W4310357849","https://openalex.org/W4312961214","https://openalex.org/W4312987211","https://openalex.org/W4317502110","https://openalex.org/W4321162272","https://openalex.org/W4323033814","https://openalex.org/W4324032741","https://openalex.org/W4324138978","https://openalex.org/W4378194920","https://openalex.org/W4379878854","https://openalex.org/W4380758636","https://openalex.org/W4381956217","https://openalex.org/W4382654294","https://openalex.org/W4386907891","https://openalex.org/W4388709618","https://openalex.org/W4388850769","https://openalex.org/W4389287522","https://openalex.org/W4391211285","https://openalex.org/W4391584372","https://openalex.org/W4391833061","https://openalex.org/W4392662613","https://openalex.org/W4392773210","https://openalex.org/W4392861570","https://openalex.org/W4393972940","https://openalex.org/W4395011010","https://openalex.org/W4395097654","https://openalex.org/W4396707866","https://openalex.org/W4398785929","https://openalex.org/W4399210055","https://openalex.org/W4399264699","https://openalex.org/W4400210683","https://openalex.org/W4400224610","https://openalex.org/W4400411008","https://openalex.org/W4400642896","https://openalex.org/W4400941551","https://openalex.org/W4401379837","https://openalex.org/W4402664230","https://openalex.org/W4403192978","https://openalex.org/W4404098449","https://openalex.org/W4405253292","https://openalex.org/W4406628762","https://openalex.org/W4406676974","https://openalex.org/W4406881182","https://openalex.org/W4407168263","https://openalex.org/W4407215110","https://openalex.org/W4407661387","https://openalex.org/W4407682448","https://openalex.org/W4407842356","https://openalex.org/W4409195046","https://openalex.org/W4409434559","https://openalex.org/W4409829362","https://openalex.org/W4411449791","https://openalex.org/W6683261745","https://openalex.org/W6745039057","https://openalex.org/W6746259030","https://openalex.org/W6749262749","https://openalex.org/W6765603848","https://openalex.org/W6790152914","https://openalex.org/W6796772218","https://openalex.org/W6839296049","https://openalex.org/W6841963672","https://openalex.org/W6846495922","https://openalex.org/W6846594676","https://openalex.org/W6848227961","https://openalex.org/W6849687835","https://openalex.org/W6849769071","https://openalex.org/W6850457626","https://openalex.org/W6852110739","https://openalex.org/W6852502836","https://openalex.org/W6853864129","https://openalex.org/W6858371560","https://openalex.org/W6860875246","https://openalex.org/W6861597983","https://openalex.org/W6862548078","https://openalex.org/W6868290714","https://openalex.org/W6870055839","https://openalex.org/W6870342143","https://openalex.org/W6870353415","https://openalex.org/W6874719347","https://openalex.org/W6876697007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4250566046","https://openalex.org/W2574774950","https://openalex.org/W2553706208","https://openalex.org/W1977834309","https://openalex.org/W2062643088","https://openalex.org/W648195185","https://openalex.org/W574022443","https://openalex.org/W2348463574","https://openalex.org/W2111221376","https://openalex.org/W1557487632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,199],"investigates":[2],"how":[3],"integrating":[4,231],"generative":[5],"AI":[6],"(GenAI)":[7],"with":[8,42,47,239],"instructional":[9,80],"scaffolding":[10,240],"and":[11,19,29,68,85,133,164,178,186,192,218,245,255,267],"prompt":[12,83,184,250,273],"engineering":[13,251],"supports":[14],"higher-order":[15],"thinking":[16,108],"skills":[17],"(HOTS)":[18],"programming":[20,134,193,210,219,234,243,253,265],"logic.":[21,194],"A":[22],"mixed-methods":[23],"design":[24],"was":[25],"used,":[26],"combining":[27],"quantitative":[28],"qualitative":[30],"data.":[31],"The":[32,52,195],"intervention":[33],"followed":[34],"a":[35,227],"one-group":[36],"pretest-post-test":[37],"structure":[38],"over":[39],"seven":[40],"weeks":[41],"25":[43],"computer":[44],"science":[45],"students":[46],"no":[48],"prior":[49],"C++":[50],"experience.":[51],"GenAI-Ped":[53,213,259],"framework":[54,214,260],"guided":[55,86],"the":[56,198,205],"design.":[57],"It":[58],"combines":[59],"Bloom's":[60],"taxonomy,":[61],"Seelf-Regulated":[62],"Learning,":[63,67],"Universal":[64],"Design":[65],"for":[66,230],"Vygotsky's":[69],"Zone":[70],"of":[71,197,207],"Proximal":[72],"Development.":[73],"Students":[74],"received":[75],"scaffolded":[76,187],"support":[77],"across":[78],"six":[79],"phases,":[81],"including":[82,176],"training":[84],"GenAI":[87,179,208,232,238],"use.":[88],"Quantitative":[89],"results":[90],"showed":[91,182],"significant":[92],"gains":[93,148],"in":[94,151,201,286],"problem-solving":[95],"(applying":[96,121],"constructs:":[97],"t":[98,111,124,137,155,168],"=":[99,102,105,112,115,118,125,128,131,138,141,144,156,159,162,169,172],"2.38,":[100],"p":[101,114,127,140,158,171],"0.013,":[103],"d":[104,117,130,143,161],"0.475),":[106],"critical":[107],"(conditional":[109],"reasoning:":[110],"2.53,":[113],"0.018,":[116],"0.506),":[119],"creativity":[120,285],"new":[122],"ideas:":[123],"2.28,":[126],"0.032,":[129],"0.456),":[132],"logic":[135,220,244,254,266],"(loops:":[136],"2.78,":[139],"0.010,":[142],"0.555).":[145],"However,":[146],"smaller":[147],"were":[149],"observed":[150],"code":[152],"optimization":[153],"(":[154,167],"1.693,":[157],"0.103,":[160],"0.339)":[163],"evaluating":[165],"solutions":[166],"1.732,":[170],"0.096).":[173],"Qualitative":[174],"data,":[175],"feedback":[177,188],"chat":[180],"logs,":[181],"that":[183,204],"specificity":[185],"improved":[189],"engagement,":[190],"HOTS,":[191],"novelty":[196],"lies":[200],"its":[202],"demonstration":[203],"integration":[206],"into":[209,233],"education":[211],"using":[212],"can":[215],"sustain":[216,242],"HOTS":[217],"while":[221,263,283],"mitigating":[222],"overreliance.":[223],"These":[224],"findings":[225],"offer":[226],"practical":[228],"model":[229],"education.":[235],"\u2022":[236,247,257,269,279],"Integrated":[237],"to":[241],"HOTS.":[246,256,268],"Scaffolding":[248,280],"+":[249],"boosts":[252],"Novel":[258],"prevents":[261,281],"overreliance":[262,282],"enhancing":[264,284],"Mixed-methods":[270],"reveal":[271],"students'":[272],"quality":[274],"directly":[275],"impacts":[276],"learning":[277],"gains.":[278],"coding":[287],"tasks.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-08-17T00:00:00"}