{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410596019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100426","title":"Artificial intelligence in multimodal learning analytics: A systematic literature review","display_name":"Artificial intelligence in multimodal learning analytics: A systematic literature review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410596019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100426","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037332127","display_name":"Mehrnoush Mohammadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-7414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehrnoush Mohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093639451","display_name":"Elham Tajik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4716-292X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elham Tajik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052017575","display_name":"Roberto Mart\u00ednez\u2010Maldonado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8375-1816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Martinez-Maldonado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Learning Analytics at Monash, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Learning Analytics at Monash, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070591850","display_name":"Shazia Sadiq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6739-4145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shazia Sadiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048056550","display_name":"Wojtek Tomaszewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4144-8613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153852","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course","ror":"https://ror.org/053mfxd72","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1337719021","https://openalex.org/I165143802","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4210132349","https://openalex.org/I4210153852"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojtek Tomaszewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153852"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007067645","display_name":"Hassan Khosravi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8664-6117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Khosravi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Teaching and Learning Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Teaching and Learning Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037332127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":32.6858,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99542101,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"100426","last_page":"100426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.6377555131912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4937175214290619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.4762304425239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4657517075538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40619635581970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.11358925700187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.07870978116989136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.6377555131912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4937175214290619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.4762304425239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4657517075538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40619635581970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.11358925700187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.07870978116989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f9b208d920e4e10b16d547cd6f29ca0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f9b208d920e4e10b16d547cd6f29ca0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 100426- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7871242798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IC200100022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317452","funder_display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317452","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bdqav06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326768","display_name":"Government of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00wqdbc63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":185,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1960210438","https://openalex.org/W1985867508","https://openalex.org/W2132242306","https://openalex.org/W2162700863","https://openalex.org/W2520384474","https://openalex.org/W2530938597","https://openalex.org/W2592371933","https://openalex.org/W2611226496","https://openalex.org/W2789758093","https://openalex.org/W2795896985","https://openalex.org/W2884451679","https://openalex.org/W2886248163","https://openalex.org/W2890544186","https://openalex.org/W2894879046","https://openalex.org/W2895130765","https://openalex.org/W2900699623","https://openalex.org/W2903932929","https://openalex.org/W2941040799","https://openalex.org/W2956842710","https://openalex.org/W2963403519","https://openalex.org/W2970134064","https://openalex.org/W2977497012","https://openalex.org/W2981863007","https://openalex.org/W2983608265","https://openalex.org/W3000409346","https://openalex.org/W3009306974","https://openalex.org/W3011830648","https://openalex.org/W3028965967","https://openalex.org/W3029221489","https://openalex.org/W3036177938","https://openalex.org/W3038141818","https://openalex.org/W3039470340","https://openalex.org/W3040404754","https://openalex.org/W3044050414","https://openalex.org/W3046090708","https://openalex.org/W3082486942","https://openalex.org/W3094547934","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3109162472","https://openalex.org/W3110511009","https://openalex.org/W3113108648","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3120515101","https://openalex.org/W3127195654","https://openalex.org/W3133814152","https://openalex.org/W3135540143","https://openalex.org/W3157202587","https://openalex.org/W3169423090","https://openalex.org/W3177010243","https://openalex.org/W3180696199","https://openalex.org/W3193187782","https://openalex.org/W3193915210","https://openalex.org/W3197413120","https://openalex.org/W3207902002","https://openalex.org/W3209117472","https://openalex.org/W3212751556","https://openalex.org/W3213075278","https://openalex.org/W3215248460","https://openalex.org/W4212811929","https://openalex.org/W4214643205","https://openalex.org/W4214890135","https://openalex.org/W4225323780","https://openalex.org/W4226073421","https://openalex.org/W4226418765","https://openalex.org/W4233178953","https://openalex.org/W4234497469","https://openalex.org/W4245961435","https://openalex.org/W4284879023","https://openalex.org/W4289236186","https://openalex.org/W4304184560","https://openalex.org/W4307407952","https://openalex.org/W4308222535","https://openalex.org/W4309582780","https://openalex.org/W4309754339","https://openalex.org/W4312836509","https://openalex.org/W4319163914","https://openalex.org/W4321442048","https://openalex.org/W4321442106","https://openalex.org/W4321485760","https://openalex.org/W4327937794","https://openalex.org/W4327975279","https://openalex.org/W4328053313","https://openalex.org/W4360985445","https://openalex.org/W4362720173","https://openalex.org/W4366783381","https://openalex.org/W4367548848","https://openalex.org/W4372215620","https://openalex.org/W4378469229","https://openalex.org/W4381145042","https://openalex.org/W4381193136","https://openalex.org/W4381801942","https://openalex.org/W4382315317","https://openalex.org/W4382567075","https://openalex.org/W4384488657","https://openalex.org/W4385415662","https://openalex.org/W4385701123","https://openalex.org/W4386115159","https://openalex.org/W4386261900","https://openalex.org/W4386267317","https://openalex.org/W4386477409","https://openalex.org/W4387963929","https://openalex.org/W4388677764","https://openalex.org/W4389088230","https://openalex.org/W4391006361","https://openalex.org/W4391388904","https://openalex.org/W4392355468","https://openalex.org/W4392484188","https://openalex.org/W4393300286","https://openalex.org/W4395672944","https://openalex.org/W4396522883","https://openalex.org/W4396780852","https://openalex.org/W4396950990","https://openalex.org/W4399427065","https://openalex.org/W4399488734","https://openalex.org/W4400210680","https://openalex.org/W4400476836","https://openalex.org/W4400785709","https://openalex.org/W4402928991","https://openalex.org/W4408591215","https://openalex.org/W6602694811","https://openalex.org/W6641277922","https://openalex.org/W6692628530","https://openalex.org/W6737383325","https://openalex.org/W6740877367","https://openalex.org/W6748328607","https://openalex.org/W6753488625","https://openalex.org/W6754860770","https://openalex.org/W6755211948","https://openalex.org/W6755444881","https://openalex.org/W6761926463","https://openalex.org/W6765196943","https://openalex.org/W6766516220","https://openalex.org/W6767078522","https://openalex.org/W6775313696","https://openalex.org/W6780400196","https://openalex.org/W6781209098","https://openalex.org/W6782412462","https://openalex.org/W6784306915","https://openalex.org/W6786266798","https://openalex.org/W6786492139","https://openalex.org/W6794638153","https://openalex.org/W6797904702","https://openalex.org/W6798477109","https://openalex.org/W6800231038","https://openalex.org/W6802506769","https://openalex.org/W6803234772","https://openalex.org/W6803677354","https://openalex.org/W6808638745","https://openalex.org/W6809000033","https://openalex.org/W6809731051","https://openalex.org/W6809776726","https://openalex.org/W6810062105","https://openalex.org/W6810753250","https://openalex.org/W6811297763","https://openalex.org/W6837902520","https://openalex.org/W6846489334","https://openalex.org/W6849783998","https://openalex.org/W6849932240","https://openalex.org/W6850319284","https://openalex.org/W6850461418","https://openalex.org/W6850621815","https://openalex.org/W6851935088","https://openalex.org/W6853769820","https://openalex.org/W6854088635","https://openalex.org/W6854857231","https://openalex.org/W6855032721","https://openalex.org/W6855422755","https://openalex.org/W6855796048","https://openalex.org/W6856031252","https://openalex.org/W6857885284","https://openalex.org/W6860051469","https://openalex.org/W6860989687","https://openalex.org/W6862252274","https://openalex.org/W6862489859","https://openalex.org/W6863113362","https://openalex.org/W6865881719","https://openalex.org/W6866887777","https://openalex.org/W6869439390","https://openalex.org/W6870428723","https://openalex.org/W6872611368","https://openalex.org/W6874792680","https://openalex.org/W6887972498","https://openalex.org/W6946364594","https://openalex.org/W6980170540","https://openalex.org/W7030412577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,89,176,251,283,403,442],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,9,45,72,130,163,169,225,281,285,351,408,435,445,451],"educational":[3,248,388],"technologies":[4],"has":[5,289],"generated":[6],"unprecedented":[7],"volumes":[8],"diverse,":[10],"multimodal":[11,26],"learner":[12],"data,":[13,42],"offering":[14,204],"rich":[15],"insights":[16],"into":[17,348],"learning":[18,139,159,174,245,376],"processes":[19],"and":[20,74,87,140,167,185,198,215,237,258,273,276,329,336,361,377,386,418,420,427,433,440,455,467],"outcomes.":[21],"However,":[22,143],"leveraging":[23],"this":[24,41,397],"complex,":[25],"data":[27,196,382,428,464],"requires":[28],"advanced":[29,164,370],"analytical":[30],"methods.":[31],"While":[32],"Multimodal":[33,259],"Learning":[34,260],"Analytics":[35,261],"(MMLA)":[36],"offers":[37],"promise":[38],"for":[39,207,233,393,470],"exploring":[40],"the":[43,64,70,127,133,222,356,391,431,468],"potential":[44],"Artificial":[46],"Intelligence":[47],"(AI)":[48],"to":[49,193,297,300,327,368,380],"enhance":[50],"MMLA":[51,97,134,240,287,315,352,447],"remains":[52],"largely":[53],"unexplored.":[54],"This":[55],"paper":[56,252],"bridges":[57],"these":[58],"two":[59],"evolving":[60,398],"domains":[61],"by":[62,105,119,203],"conducting":[63],"first":[65],"systematic":[66],"literature":[67],"review":[68,177],"at":[69],"intersection":[71],"AI":[73,131,151,165,217,257,269,340,342,371],"MMLA,":[75],"analyzing":[76],"43":[77,254],"peer-reviewed":[78],"papers":[79],"from":[80,295],"11":[81],"reputable":[82],"databases":[83],"published":[84,99],"between":[85],"2019":[86,296],"2024.":[88],"findings":[90,220],"indicate":[91],"a":[92,109,120,231,406,412],"growing":[93],"trend":[94,294],"in":[95,101,137,153,172,228,355,396],"AI-enhanced":[96,239,286,314,446],"studies":[98,171,255,288,316,404],"predominantly":[100,354],"high-quality":[102],"venues,":[103],"led":[104],"education":[106,114],"researchers":[107],"with":[108,158,322,411],"predominant":[110],"focus":[111,413],"on":[112,256,264,308,319,414],"tertiary":[113,320],"targeting":[115,332],"diverse":[116,247,415],"stakeholders.":[117],"Guided":[118],"novel":[121],"conceptual":[122],"framework,":[123],"our":[124],"analysis":[125],"highlights":[126],"transformative":[128],"role":[129,227],"across":[132,246,305],"process,":[135],"particularly":[136],"model":[138,357,384],"feature":[141,359],"engineering.":[142],"it":[144],"also":[145,189,325],"uncovers":[146],"significant":[147,323,365],"gaps,":[148],"including":[149],"limited":[150],"implementation":[152],"components":[154],"requiring":[155],"deep":[156,375],"integration":[157,465],"theories,":[160],"insufficient":[161],"application":[162],"techniques,":[166],"lack":[168],"large-scale":[170],"authentic":[173],"environments.":[175],"identifies":[178],"key":[179],"benefits,":[180],"such":[181,373,424],"as":[182,374,425],"enhanced":[183,456],"personalization":[184,450],"real-time":[186,453],"feedback,":[187,454],"while":[188,459],"addressing":[190],"challenges":[191,275,460],"related":[192],"ethical":[194,216,422,462],"considerations,":[195],"integration,":[197],"scalability.":[199],"Our":[200],"study":[201,267],"contributes":[202],"comprehensive":[205],"recommendations":[206],"future":[208],"research,":[209],"emphasizing":[210],"international":[211],"collaboration,":[212],"multi-level":[213],"studies,":[214,353],"implementation.":[218],"These":[219],"advance":[221],"theoretical":[223],"understanding":[224],"AI's":[226],"education,":[229,321],"providing":[230],"foundation":[232],"developing":[234],"sophisticated,":[235],"interpretable,":[236],"scalable":[238],"approaches,":[241],"potentially":[242],"revolutionizing":[243],"personalized":[244],"settings.":[249],"\u2022":[250,278,311,339,400,438],"reviews":[253],"(MMLA),":[262],"focusing":[263],"current":[265],"trends,":[266],"contexts,":[268],"applications,":[270],"experimental":[271,409],"designs,":[272,410],"main":[274],"benefits.":[277],"Current":[279],"State":[280],"Research:":[282],"number":[284],"shown":[290],"an":[291,301],"overall":[292,387],"growth":[293],"2024,":[298],"leading":[299],"extensive":[302],"geographical":[303],"spread":[304],"24":[306],"countries":[307],"six":[309],"continents.":[310],"Application":[312],"Contexts:":[313],"significantly":[317],"focused":[318],"attention":[324],"given":[326],"secondary":[328],"primary":[330],"levels,":[331],"learners,":[333],"instructors,":[334],"researchers,":[335],"technology":[337],"developers.":[338],"Implementation:":[341],"techniques":[343],"have":[344],"increasingly":[345],"been":[346],"integrated":[347],"various":[349],"phases":[350],"learning,":[358,452],"engineering,":[360],"transformation":[362],"sub-components,":[363],"but":[364],"opportunities":[366],"remain":[367],"apply":[369],"methods,":[372],"generative":[378],"models,":[379],"improve":[381],"processing,":[383],"interpretability,":[385],"impact,":[389],"highlighting":[390],"need":[392,469],"further":[394],"innovation":[395],"field.":[399],"Experimental":[401],"Designs:":[402],"employ":[405],"variety":[407],"sample":[416],"sizes":[417],"settings,":[419],"consider":[421],"implications":[423],"privacy":[426],"security,":[429],"ensuring":[430],"reliability":[432],"generalizability":[434],"their":[436],"findings.":[437],"Benefits":[439],"challenges.":[441],"reported":[443],"benefits":[444],"include":[448],"improved":[449],"student":[457],"engagement,":[458],"involve":[461],"concerns,":[463],"complexities,":[466],"interdisciplinary":[471],"collaboration.":[472]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
