{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410458469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100420","title":"Developing and validating the scale of language teachers\u2019 design thinking competency in artificial intelligence language teaching (LTDTAILT)","display_name":"Developing and validating the scale of language teachers\u2019 design thinking competency in artificial intelligence language teaching (LTDTAILT)","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410458469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100420","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071298511","display_name":"Amir Reza Rahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-3442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amir Reza Rahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language, Literatures and Cultures, and Its applications, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-3442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language, Literatures and Cultures, and Its applications, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071298511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":23.6327,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99152902,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"100420","last_page":"100420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14182","display_name":"Technology-Enhanced Education Studies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14182","display_name":"Technology-Enhanced Education Studies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.9789000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.9569000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.5193430185317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5080986022949219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4885317087173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4583650529384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.3266153335571289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.5193430185317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5080986022949219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4885317087173462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4583650529384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3266153335571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:332f23fa9fa74ce4833c907c84d9f9ac","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/332f23fa9fa74ce4833c907c84d9f9ac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 100420- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487198596","https://openalex.org/W1893371726","https://openalex.org/W1921000889","https://openalex.org/W1991203070","https://openalex.org/W2005364767","https://openalex.org/W2007035760","https://openalex.org/W2010961314","https://openalex.org/W2051039162","https://openalex.org/W2077466229","https://openalex.org/W2091552421","https://openalex.org/W2129698558","https://openalex.org/W2159013703","https://openalex.org/W2223470559","https://openalex.org/W2346130518","https://openalex.org/W2509133623","https://openalex.org/W2754116647","https://openalex.org/W2762286072","https://openalex.org/W2783008754","https://openalex.org/W2790690663","https://openalex.org/W2892312170","https://openalex.org/W2896416235","https://openalex.org/W2905811773","https://openalex.org/W2946292662","https://openalex.org/W2987757154","https://openalex.org/W2994750977","https://openalex.org/W2996859150","https://openalex.org/W3005712486","https://openalex.org/W3033708243","https://openalex.org/W3094370902","https://openalex.org/W3106995781","https://openalex.org/W3112022328","https://openalex.org/W3120058729","https://openalex.org/W3151011605","https://openalex.org/W4206331969","https://openalex.org/W4230428242","https://openalex.org/W4230893845","https://openalex.org/W4236656112","https://openalex.org/W4249216148","https://openalex.org/W4281386260","https://openalex.org/W4283516877","https://openalex.org/W4289594184","https://openalex.org/W4295151953","https://openalex.org/W4297983578","https://openalex.org/W4298170291","https://openalex.org/W4317951439","https://openalex.org/W4319455582","https://openalex.org/W4319733394","https://openalex.org/W4321499901","https://openalex.org/W4322619085","https://openalex.org/W4384927135","https://openalex.org/W4385277942","https://openalex.org/W4385767104","https://openalex.org/W4386442192","https://openalex.org/W4386576405","https://openalex.org/W4388637835","https://openalex.org/W4388806689","https://openalex.org/W4389568166","https://openalex.org/W4389688192","https://openalex.org/W4390636334","https://openalex.org/W4390639168","https://openalex.org/W4391914260","https://openalex.org/W4392661719","https://openalex.org/W4393028901","https://openalex.org/W4394958542","https://openalex.org/W4398762492","https://openalex.org/W4401865610","https://openalex.org/W4403001327","https://openalex.org/W4405494100","https://openalex.org/W4407133653","https://openalex.org/W4409282541","https://openalex.org/W6639713160","https://openalex.org/W6747735044","https://openalex.org/W6838092591","https://openalex.org/W6848990790","https://openalex.org/W6850816042","https://openalex.org/W6860733812","https://openalex.org/W6875549550","https://openalex.org/W6876175583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Design":[0,113],"thinking":[1],"(DT)":[2],"is":[3,35],"one":[4],"of":[5,107,222,237,277],"the":[6,25,88,91,105,125,138,147,149,177,194,208,226,235,275],"critical":[7],"21st-century":[8,269],"digital":[9,270],"skills":[10,271],"that":[11,193,267],"allows":[12],"individuals":[13],"to":[14,23,49,56,60,153,204,234,244,259],"solve":[15],"real-world":[16],"problems":[17],"by":[18],"redesigning":[19],"their":[20,65,132],"problem":[21],"procedure":[22],"achieve":[24],"desired":[26],"outcome.":[27],"Nowadays,":[28],"cultivating":[29],"DT":[30,58],"within":[31],"any":[32],"educational":[33],"program":[34],"becoming":[36],"increasingly":[37],"important":[38],"for":[39,104,254],"teachers":[40,53,162,256],"since":[41],"Artificial":[42,80,117],"Intelligence":[43,81,118],"(AI)":[44],"and":[45,79,99,129,134,141,187,197,202,207,217,242,246,257,272],"chatbots":[46],"are":[47],"available":[48],"all":[50],"students.":[51],"However,":[52],"themselves":[54],"need":[55],"possess":[57],"competency":[59],"effectively":[61],"cultivate":[62],"it":[63,152],"in":[64,68,90,116,163,240,264],"students,":[66],"particularly":[67],"humanistic":[69],"fields":[70,236,266],"like":[71],"applied":[72],"linguistics,":[73],"Computer":[74],"Assisted":[75],"Language":[76,82,111,119,160],"Learning":[77],"(CALL),":[78],"Teaching":[83,120],"(AILT).":[84],"For":[85],"this":[86,249],"reason,":[87],"researcher":[89,123,150,227],"current":[92,261],"study":[93,205],"developed":[94],"a":[95,100,142,158,220,229,252],"new":[96,230],"conceptual":[97],"framework":[98,196,232,250],"scale":[101,180,199],"specifically":[102,243],"designed":[103],"field":[106],"AILT,":[108],"known":[109],"as":[110,157],"Teachers\u2019":[112],"Thinking":[114],"Competence":[115],"(LGDTAILT).":[121],"The":[122,172],"generated":[124],"items":[126],"both":[127],"deductively":[128],"inductively,":[130],"evaluating":[131],"face":[133],"content":[135],"validity":[136],"through":[137,274],"Delphi":[139],"methodology":[140],"cognitive":[143],"review.":[144],"Having":[145],"piloted":[146],"scale,":[148],"distributed":[151],"273":[154],"in-service":[155],"English":[156,255],"Foreign":[159],"(EFL)":[161],"Spain":[164],"who":[165],"had":[166],"experience":[167],"teaching":[168],"languages":[169],"using":[170],"AI.":[171],"validation":[173],"process,":[174],"which":[175],"included":[176],"Rasch-Andrich":[178],"rating":[179],"model":[181],"(RSM),":[182],"exploratory":[183],"factor":[184,189],"analysis":[185,190],"(EFA),":[186],"confirmatory":[188],"(CFA),":[191],"confirmed":[192],"theoretical":[195,231],"its":[198],"were":[200],"well-aligned":[201],"validated":[203],"context":[206],"field,":[209],"comprising":[210],"five":[211],"components:":[212],"empathy,":[213],"define,":[214],"ideate,":[215],"prototype,":[216],"test,":[218],"with":[219,262],"total":[221],"17":[223],"items.":[224],"Consequently,":[225],"established":[228],"applicable":[233],"artificial":[238,278],"intelligence":[239],"general":[241],"CALL":[245],"AILT.":[247],"Furthermore,":[248],"provides":[251],"pathway":[253],"researchers":[258],"stay":[260],"developments":[263],"other":[265],"integrate":[268],"competencies":[273],"application":[276],"intelligence.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-20T17:24:06.736184","created_date":"2025-05-17T00:00:00"}