{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409918724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100411","title":"Assessing reading fluency in elementary grades: A machine learning approach","display_name":"Assessing reading fluency in elementary grades: A machine learning approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409918724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100411","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362999","display_name":"Gabriel Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-8613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71437568","display_name":"Universidade de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/00gtcbp88","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71437568"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Candido da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia da Computa\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade de Pernambuco, Rua Benfica, 455, Recife, 50720-001, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-8613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia da Computa\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade de Pernambuco, Rua Benfica, 455, Recife, 50720-001, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71437568","https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065478543","display_name":"Rodrigo Lins Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3598-5204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62921916","display_name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/02ksmb993","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62921916"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Lins Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ensino das Ci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Avenida Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, 52171-900, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ensino das Ci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Avenida Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, 52171-900, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62921916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000301811","display_name":"Am\u00e9rico N. Amorim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7834-2057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120805","display_name":"Faculty of 1000 (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02x5wxx17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101920","https://openalex.org/I4210120805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123235","display_name":"Centro de Estudos e Sistemas Avan\u00e7ados do Recife","ror":"https://ror.org/02t7xfd51","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123235"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133268","display_name":"Secretaria da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6wjz53","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}],"countries":["BR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Am\u00e9rico N. Amorim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Faculty Advancement, New York University, 82 Washington Square E, New York, 10003, NY, United States","Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil","Intelig\u00eancia Artificial na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Aprendizado (IAEA), CESAR School, Avenida Cais do Apolo, 77, Recife, 50030-220, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Faculty Advancement, New York University, 82 Washington Square E, New York, 10003, NY, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelig\u00eancia Artificial na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Aprendizado (IAEA), CESAR School, Avenida Cais do Apolo, 77, Recife, 50030-220, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006597220","display_name":"Lieny Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2028-8358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lieny Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, 405 Emmet St S, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, 405 Emmet St S, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076383821","display_name":"Emilia X.S. Albuquerque","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133268","display_name":"Secretaria da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6wjz53","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilia X.S. Albuquerque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007966409","display_name":"Vanessa C. Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8013-2239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133268","display_name":"Secretaria da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6wjz53","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vanessa C. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006794300","display_name":"Vin\u00edcius F. da Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133268","display_name":"Secretaria da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6wjz53","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vin\u00edcius F. da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andr\u00e9 L.A. Pinheiro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133268","display_name":"Secretaria da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6wjz53","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 L.A. Pinheiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061139093","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro Nunes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8144-5906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133268","display_name":"Secretaria da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6wjz53","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o P.J.R. Nunes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028837325","display_name":"Suzana Souza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-7999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133268","display_name":"Secretaria da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6wjz53","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzana X.M.G. de Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038366509","display_name":"Maxsuel S. Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133268","display_name":"Secretaria da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6wjz53","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maxsuel S. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117373285","display_name":"Igor Mauro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133268","display_name":"Secretaria da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/03r6wjz53","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Igor Mauro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escribo Leitura, Escribo - Educa\u00e7\u00e3o do Seu Jeito, Estrada do Arraial, 2501, Recife, 52051-380, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133268"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014476396","display_name":"Alexandre Zarate Maciel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0397-4954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71437568","display_name":"Universidade de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/00gtcbp88","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71437568"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Magno Andrade Maciel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia da Computa\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade de Pernambuco, Rua Benfica, 455, Recife, 50720-001, PE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia da Computa\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade de Pernambuco, Rua Benfica, 455, Recife, 50720-001, PE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71437568","https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100362999"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270","https://openalex.org/I71437568"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":12.1243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98281956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"100411","last_page":"100411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9503999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9002000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluency","display_name":"Fluency","score":0.7956531047821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.6311435103416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.49922943115234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46447813510894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.41127827763557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36715129017829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.19093358516693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.7956531047821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6311435103416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.49922943115234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46447813510894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41127827763557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36715129017829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.19093358516693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:12d6ca9acee14064814d13f054e8de8c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/12d6ca9acee14064814d13f054e8de8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 100411- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183364","display_name":"Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2666-920X","issn":["2666-920X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5236130950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SIN-0171-1.03/22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323678","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G746724835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"306191/2021-0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323678","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/02te5rf52"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088974308","https://openalex.org/W2135582271","https://openalex.org/W2230887875","https://openalex.org/W2322444576","https://openalex.org/W2901661533","https://openalex.org/W2985201879","https://openalex.org/W2990130798","https://openalex.org/W3135318761","https://openalex.org/W3197263558","https://openalex.org/W4200494001","https://openalex.org/W4205944340","https://openalex.org/W4285729328","https://openalex.org/W4291746033","https://openalex.org/W4311008639","https://openalex.org/W4311009018","https://openalex.org/W4367146948","https://openalex.org/W4382236714","https://openalex.org/W4385822293","https://openalex.org/W4385823455","https://openalex.org/W4396513840","https://openalex.org/W4404518524","https://openalex.org/W4404611608","https://openalex.org/W6631082458","https://openalex.org/W6770304664","https://openalex.org/W6804922623","https://openalex.org/W6806855395","https://openalex.org/W6855897889","https://openalex.org/W6873573413"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2365169615","https://openalex.org/W1970538215","https://openalex.org/W2400151637","https://openalex.org/W2975827637","https://openalex.org/W2354089692","https://openalex.org/W595497825","https://openalex.org/W4236323843","https://openalex.org/W2002616876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,226],"study":[1],"compares":[2],"eleven":[3,110],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"machine":[6],"learning":[7],"algorithms":[8],"to":[9,78,103,238],"identify":[10],"the":[11,63,109,116,121,150,161,192,248,261,266,272],"most":[12,162,273],"accurate":[13],"and":[14,38,44,52,100,127,135,175,214,235,240,255],"comprehensive":[15],"method":[16],"for":[17,223],"assessing":[18],"children's":[19],"reading":[20,33,157,212,224,242],"fluency.":[21,243],"Our":[22],"fluency":[23,72,98,106,154,166,184,275],"framework":[24],"integrates":[25],"three":[26,249],"key":[27],"dimensions:":[28],"accuracy":[29,174,203],"in":[30,120,143,152,204,265],"word":[31,205],"decoding,":[32],"speed":[34,158,213],"(words":[35],"per":[36],"minute),":[37],"prosody,":[39],"which":[40,80],"captures":[41],"appropriate":[42],"pausing":[43],"intonation":[45],"during":[46],"reading.":[47,196],"Audio":[48],"recordings":[49],"from":[50,173],"2nd":[51],"3rd":[53],"grade":[54],"students":[55],"across":[56,167,277],"144":[57],"Brazilian":[58],"schools":[59],"were":[60],"transcribed":[61],"using":[62],"advanced":[64],"Whisper":[65],"ASR":[66],"system,":[67],"enabling":[68],"automated":[69],"extraction":[70],"of":[71,165,194,251],"features.":[73],"The":[74,245],"research":[75],"objective":[76],"was":[77,185,260,271],"determine":[79],"algorithm":[81],"best":[82],"predicts":[83],"fluency,":[84],"considering":[85],"diverse":[86],"evaluation":[87],"setups":[88],"including":[89],"binary":[90],"classification":[91,96,122,267],"(fluent":[92],"versus":[93],"non-fluent),":[94],"multiclass":[95],"(differentiated":[97],"levels),":[99],"regression":[101,144],"analysis":[102],"estimate":[104],"continuous":[105,189],"scores.":[107],"Among":[108],"models":[111],"evaluated,":[112],"Logistic":[113,258],"Regression":[114,259],"achieved":[115],"highest":[117],"overall":[118,264],"performance":[119],"experiments,":[123,169],"demonstrating":[124],"superior":[125],"precision":[126],"accuracy.":[128],"Ensemble":[129],"methods":[130],"such":[131],"as":[132,160,187],"Gradient":[133],"Boosting":[134],"Random":[136],"Forest":[137],"also":[138],"yielded":[139],"robust":[140],"results,":[141],"particularly":[142],"analyses":[145],"where":[146],"they":[147],"effectively":[148],"captured":[149],"variability":[151],"expert":[153],"ratings.":[155],"Notably,":[156],"emerged":[159],"critical":[163],"indicator":[164],"all":[168,278],"consistently":[170],"outweighing":[171],"contributions":[172],"prosody.":[176,256],"Nevertheless,":[177],"prosody":[178],"maintained":[179],"significant":[180],"importance,":[181],"especially":[182],"when":[183],"modeled":[186],"a":[188],"variable,":[190],"emphasizing":[191],"value":[193],"expressive":[195],"These":[197],"findings":[198],"suggest":[199],"that":[200,210],"while":[201],"high":[202],"decoding":[206],"is":[207],"fundamental,":[208],"interventions":[209],"enhance":[211],"incorporate":[215],"prosodic":[216],"features":[217],"can":[218],"offer":[219],"more":[220],"nuanced":[221],"support":[222],"development.":[225],"work":[227],"provides":[228],"educators":[229],"with":[230],"insights":[231],"into":[232],"scalable,":[233],"automated,":[234],"cost-effective":[236],"approaches":[237],"monitoring":[239],"improving":[241],"\u2022":[244,257,269],"approach":[246],"covered":[247],"dimensions":[250],"fluency:":[252],"accuracy,":[253],"speed,":[254],"best-performing":[262],"model":[263],"experiments.":[268,280],"Speed":[270],"determinant":[274],"characteristic":[276],"applied":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-02-22T13:39:03.778224","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}