{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161634927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110622","title":"Dual-branch spatiotemporal-wavelet transformer conditional GAN for electrocardiographic imaging data augmentation","display_name":"Dual-branch spatiotemporal-wavelet transformer conditional GAN for electrocardiographic imaging data augmentation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161634927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8427965","display_name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","issn_l":"1746-8094","issn":["1746-8094","1746-8108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110622","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dagoberto Mayorca-Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-0238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091051","display_name":"Universidad Mariana","ror":"https://ror.org/00ct7kr02","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091051"]}],"countries":["CO","ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dagoberto Mayorca-Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Systems and Programming Languages, Universidad de Granada, C/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain","Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Mariana, Cl 18 34-104, Pasto, 52001, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-0238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Systems and Programming Languages, Universidad de Granada, C/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Mariana, Cl 18 34-104, Pasto, 52001, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091051"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alejandro J. Le\u00f3n-Salas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro J. Le\u00f3n-Salas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Systems and Programming Languages, Universidad de Granada, C/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Systems and Programming Languages, Universidad de Granada, C/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Diego H. Peluffo-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131560","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/03xc55g68","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141827","display_name":"Universidad Ecotec","ror":"https://ror.org/04pe1sa24","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141827"]}],"countries":["EC","MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego H. Peluffo-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Lot 660, Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco","Universidad Ecotec, Km. 13.5 Samborond\u00f3n, 092302, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Lot 660, Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Ecotec, Km. 13.5 Samborond\u00f3n, 092302, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Younes Ommane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-2967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131560","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Mohammed VI Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/03xc55g68","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Younes Ommane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, UM6P Hospitals, Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-2967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, UM6P Hospitals, Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897","https://openalex.org/I4210091051"],"apc_list":{"value":2420,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2420},"apc_paid":{"value":2420,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2420},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91484135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"123","issue":null,"first_page":"110622","last_page":"110622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.5277000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.5277000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.3709999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10065","display_name":"Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes","score":0.02319999970495701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.7111999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tikhonov-regularization","display_name":"Tikhonov regularization","score":0.6244000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.37220001220703125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.7111999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152442038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2778212","display_name":"Tikhonov regularization","level":3,"score":0.6244000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4072999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3968000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480","display_name":"Scanner","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7545210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838123","display_name":"Data redundancy","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8427965","display_name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","issn_l":"1746-8094","issn":["1746-8094","1746-8108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digibug.ugr.es:10481/113528","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10481/113528","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400567","display_name":"Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Granada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"VoR"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8427965","display_name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","issn_l":"1746-8094","issn":["1746-8094","1746-8108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323834","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1769390316","https://openalex.org/W2115340664","https://openalex.org/W2754051771","https://openalex.org/W2891292246","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2967141048","https://openalex.org/W2972810968","https://openalex.org/W3036463195","https://openalex.org/W3121186385","https://openalex.org/W3156442850","https://openalex.org/W3166254754","https://openalex.org/W4205840937","https://openalex.org/W4221051314","https://openalex.org/W4391321561","https://openalex.org/W4392199044","https://openalex.org/W4404388397","https://openalex.org/W4408220881","https://openalex.org/W4409887147"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrocardiographic":[0],"imaging":[1],"(ECGI)":[2],"reconstructs":[3],"cardiac":[4],"electrical":[5],"activity":[6],"from":[7],"body-surface":[8,33],"recordings":[9],"but":[10],"is":[11],"limited":[12],"by":[13,124,134,146,236,254,266],"data":[14],"scarcity":[15],"and":[16,32,53,76,91,181,224,245],"ill-posedness.":[17],"We":[18],"introduce":[19],"a":[20,196],"dual-branch":[21],"spatiotemporal\u2013wavelet":[22],"transformer":[23],"conditional":[24],"GAN":[25],"(STW-T":[26],"cGAN)":[27],"for":[28,199],"synthesizing":[29],"paired":[30,200,218],"heart-surface":[31],"potential":[34],"maps":[35],"(HSPM\u2013BSPM).":[36],"The":[37],"architecture":[38],"combines":[39],"Reverse":[40],"Cuthill\u2013McKee":[41],"spatial":[42],"reordering,":[43],"axial":[44],"transformers,":[45],"continuous":[46],"wavelet":[47,115],"transforms":[48],"(32":[49],"scales,":[50],"0.5\u2013250":[51],"Hz),":[52],"FiLM-based":[54],"adaptive":[55],"fusion,":[56],"with":[57,161,220],"an":[58],"auxiliary":[59],"BSPM":[60,96],"regression":[61],"head":[62],"enforcing":[63],"learned":[64],"cross-domain":[65],"consistency.":[66],"Evaluation":[67],"on":[68,153,256],"the":[69,107,114,165],"ex":[70],"vivo":[71,78],"Bordeaux":[72],"(primary":[73],"descriptive":[74],"evidence)":[75],"in":[77,203],"Auckland":[79],"(exploratory":[80],"corroboration)":[81],"porcine":[82],"datasets":[83],"showed":[84],"HSPM":[85],"synthesis":[86,202],"RMSE":[87,145,188,253],"of":[88,93,173],"0.319\u20130.429":[89],"mV":[90],"PCC":[92,99,123,221,265],"0.901\u20130.939.":[94],"Auxiliary":[95],"reconstruction":[97],"achieved":[98],"0.917\u20130.989.":[100],"Ablation":[101],"experiments":[102],"demonstrated":[103],"complementary":[104],"branch":[105,109,116],"contributions:":[106],"spatiotemporal":[108],"improved":[110,242,264],"temporal":[111,243],"alignment":[112,244],"while":[113],"enhanced":[117],"spectral":[118,246],"fidelity.":[119,247],"FiLM":[120,262],"fusion":[121,263],"increased":[122],"1.7\u201311.4":[125,267],"percentage":[126],"points":[127],"over":[128,269],"averaging;":[129],"RCM":[130,229],"reduced":[131,231,251],"inter-electrode":[132,234],"distance":[133,235],"37%.":[135,237],"In":[136],"downstream":[137],"ECGI":[138],"inverse":[139,252],"reconstruction,":[140],"1:1":[141,249],"augmentation":[142,250],"decreased":[143],"test-set":[144],"6.2\u201314.0%":[147],"across":[148],"eight":[149],"deep":[150],"learning":[151],"solvers":[152],"held-out":[154,257],"real":[155,258],"segmented":[156],"beats":[157,259],"(within-dataset,":[158],"beat-level":[159],"holdout),":[160],"attention-based":[162],"architectures":[163],"showing":[164],"largest":[166],"improvements.":[167],"Tikhonov":[168],"regularization":[169],"exhibited":[170],"smaller":[171],"gains":[172],"3.0\u20133.1%.":[174],"Controlled":[175],"comparisons":[176],"against":[177],"STFT,":[178],"dilated":[179],"attention,":[180],"multiscale":[182],"alternatives":[183],"confirmed":[184],"wavelet-specific":[185],"benefits":[186],"(5.1\u201328.3%":[187],"reduction).":[189],"These":[190],"findings":[191],"support":[192],"STW-T":[193,215],"cGAN":[194,216],"as":[195],"proof-of-concept":[197],"framework":[198],"HSPM\u2013BSPM":[201,219],"data-constrained":[204],"ECGI.":[205],"Generalizability":[206],"to":[207],"human":[208],"cohorts":[209],"requires":[210],"dedicated":[211],"validation":[212],"studies.":[213],"\u2022":[214,228,238,248,261],"synthesizes":[217],">":[222,226],"0.90":[223],"SC":[225],"0.93.":[227],"reordering":[230],"mean":[232,270],"epicardial":[233],"Dual":[239],"ST/CWT":[240],"branches":[241],"6%\u201314%":[255],"(within-dataset).":[260],"pp":[268],"fusion.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-25T08:39:21.599409","created_date":"2026-05-19T00:00:00"}
