{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155056184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110357","title":"EEG-ConvMamba: Motor imagery EEG decoding and visualization via convolutional neural networks and Mamba\u22c6","display_name":"EEG-ConvMamba: Motor imagery EEG decoding and visualization via convolutional neural networks and Mamba\u22c6","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155056184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8427965","display_name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","issn_l":"1746-8094","issn":["1746-8094","1746-8108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110357","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianxi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9652-3370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132369690","display_name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018rbtf37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132369690"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133270356","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/035gwtk09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9652-3370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132369690","https://openalex.org/I136765683","https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067643677","display_name":"Yinghui Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130148","display_name":"First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02fsmcz03","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130148"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghui Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China","National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130148"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130148"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076382132","display_name":"Sen Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6481-2134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132369690","display_name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018rbtf37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132369690"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133270356","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/035gwtk09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6481-2134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132369690","https://openalex.org/I136765683","https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088881766","display_name":"Jigang Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-4179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132369690","display_name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018rbtf37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132369690"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133270356","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/035gwtk09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133270356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jigang Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132369690","https://openalex.org/I136765683","https://openalex.org/I133270356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9408-2796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153550","display_name":"Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/050nfgr37","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9408-2796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153550"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090656867","display_name":"Shengzhi Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-1069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shengzhi Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088881766","https://openalex.org/A5090656867"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132369690","https://openalex.org/I133270356","https://openalex.org/I136765683","https://openalex.org/I137616099","https://openalex.org/I4210153550"],"apc_list":{"value":2420,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2420},"apc_paid":{"value":2420,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2420},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8594081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"121","issue":null,"first_page":"110357","last_page":"110357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7296000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6784999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-decoding","display_name":"Neural decoding","score":0.5501999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5486000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.4007999897003174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7296000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6784999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6402999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40743351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002049","display_name":"Neural decoding","level":3,"score":0.5501999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5486000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25304431","display_name":"Saliency map","level":3,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8427965","display_name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","issn_l":"1746-8094","issn":["1746-8094","1746-8108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8427965","display_name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","issn_l":"1746-8094","issn":["1746-8094","1746-8108"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001471870","https://openalex.org/W2106006415","https://openalex.org/W2119163516","https://openalex.org/W2140413964","https://openalex.org/W2152465745","https://openalex.org/W2169100533","https://openalex.org/W2170883741","https://openalex.org/W2176865601","https://openalex.org/W2559463885","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2897072966","https://openalex.org/W2915893085","https://openalex.org/W2960585436","https://openalex.org/W2965485674","https://openalex.org/W2971518519","https://openalex.org/W3017231556","https://openalex.org/W3038172582","https://openalex.org/W3196978946","https://openalex.org/W4312597583","https://openalex.org/W4379055511","https://openalex.org/W4379617038","https://openalex.org/W4387302775","https://openalex.org/W4389692426","https://openalex.org/W4404576998"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motor":[0],"imagery":[1],"(MI)-elicited":[2],"electroencephalogram":[3],"(EEG)":[4],"signals":[5],"are":[6],"widely":[7],"used":[8,57],"in":[9,148],"brain-computer":[10],"interface":[11],"(BCI)":[12],"systems.":[13],"However,":[14],"decoding":[15],"MI-EEG":[16,39,101],"remains":[17],"challenging":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,58,165],"its":[21],"low":[22],"signal-to-noise":[23],"ratio,":[24],"nonstationarity,":[25],"and":[26,65,105,123,143,170],"complex":[27],"temporal":[28,83],"dynamics.":[29],"To":[30],"address":[31],"these":[32],"issues,":[33],"this":[34],"paper":[35],"proposes":[36],"a":[37,51,87,108,158],"novel":[38],"classification":[40],"model,":[41],"EEG-ConvMamba,":[42],"which":[43],"integrates":[44],"multi-branch":[45],"convolutional":[46],"neural":[47],"networks":[48],"(CNNs)":[49],"with":[50,131],"Mamba":[52,71],"module.":[53],"The":[54,93,179],"CNN":[55],"is":[56,182],"extract":[59],"local":[60],"spatiotemporal":[61],"features,":[62],"suppress":[63],"noise,":[64],"reduce":[66],"sequence":[67],"redundancy,":[68],"while":[69],"the":[70,75,126,136,140,149,167,173,176],"module,":[72],"based":[73],"on":[74,98,125],"state":[76],"space":[77],"model":[78,138],"(SSM),":[79],"efficiently":[80],"captures":[81],"long-range":[82],"dependencies,":[84],"followed":[85],"by":[86],"fully":[88],"connected":[89],"layer":[90],"for":[91],"classification.":[92],"proposed":[94,137,177],"method":[95],"was":[96,163],"evaluated":[97],"three":[99,127],"public":[100],"datasets,":[102,128],"BCI-IV-2a,":[103],"High-Gamma,":[104],"OpenBMI,":[106],"under":[107],"subject-dependent":[109],"evaluation":[110],"protocol.":[111],"Experimental":[112],"results":[113],"show":[114],"that":[115],"EEG-ConvMamba":[116],"achieved":[117,139],"average":[118],"accuracies":[119],"of":[120,152,175],"80.06%,":[121],"97.09%,":[122],"72.26%":[124],"respectively.":[129],"Compared":[130],"current":[132],"state-of-the-art":[133],"(SOTA)":[134],"methods,":[135],"best":[141],"performance":[142],"demonstrated":[144],"statistically":[145],"significant":[146],"improvements":[147],"vast":[150],"majority":[151],"comparisons.":[153],"In":[154],"addition,":[155],"Smooth":[156],"Grad-CAM,":[157],"BCI":[159],"signal":[160],"visualization":[161],"method,":[162],"employed":[164],"interpret":[166],"learned":[168],"features":[169],"further":[171],"enhance":[172],"interpretability":[174],"model.":[178],"source":[180],"code":[181],"available":[183],"at":[184],"https://github.com/Jianxi-Huang/EEG-ConvMamba":[185],".":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-04-22T00:00:00"}
