{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411921360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100322","title":"A global trust-based blockchain lightweight consensus mechanism","display_name":"A global trust-based blockchain lightweight consensus mechanism","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411921360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100322","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019831449","display_name":"Jinwen Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-3457"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwen Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-3457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, PR China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091767796","display_name":"Guosheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3310-926X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guosheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112317214","display_name":"Shihong Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihong Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yinliang Yue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yinliang Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, PR China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050671370","display_name":"Binsi Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-5952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binsi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-5952","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts & Telecommunications, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354164","display_name":"Guoqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-4693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148850","display_name":"National Science Library","ror":"https://ror.org/04ndjyr10","country_code":"CN","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210148850"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guoqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148850"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100354164"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148850"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"fwci":4.0534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93896705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"100322","last_page":"100322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.982373833656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.6297723650932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4680958092212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3384603261947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2605184316635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.06472095847129822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.982373833656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6297723650932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4680958092212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3384603261947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2605184316635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.06472095847129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:198403ffdb244767b85e84d9854da6a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/198403ffdb244767b85e84d9854da6a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 100322- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1504896258","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB3101500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003116505","https://openalex.org/W2156523427","https://openalex.org/W2752019525","https://openalex.org/W3091665258","https://openalex.org/W3108722340","https://openalex.org/W3158612892","https://openalex.org/W3162253393","https://openalex.org/W3206006140","https://openalex.org/W4226408050","https://openalex.org/W4226538140","https://openalex.org/W4281296727","https://openalex.org/W4281907742","https://openalex.org/W4285205415","https://openalex.org/W4306711442","https://openalex.org/W4308888256","https://openalex.org/W4313200950","https://openalex.org/W4315647104","https://openalex.org/W4316660860","https://openalex.org/W4317796730","https://openalex.org/W4381735520","https://openalex.org/W4383753351","https://openalex.org/W4387631239","https://openalex.org/W4388153087","https://openalex.org/W4388673256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"technology,":[1],"renowned":[2],"for":[3,23],"its":[4,15],"decentralized":[5],"and":[6,26,37,48,65,86,110,118,135],"secure":[7],"nature,":[8],"has":[9],"gained":[10],"substantial":[11],"attention.":[12],"Central":[13],"to":[14,82],"functionality":[16],"are":[17,21,41],"consensus":[18,54,68,84,88,145],"mechanisms,":[19],"which":[20],"essential":[22],"validating":[24],"transactions":[25],"upholding":[27],"the":[28,31,35,45,108,113],"integrity":[29],"of":[30,39,52,95,112],"distributed":[32],"ledger.":[33],"However,":[34],"efficiency":[36,109],"scalability":[38],"blockchain":[40,67,144],"currently":[42],"impeded":[43],"by":[44],"resource":[46],"limitations":[47],"excessive":[49],"communication":[50],"demands":[51],"existing":[53,125],"mechanisms.":[55],"To":[56],"address":[57],"these":[58],"challenges,":[59],"we":[60],"propose":[61],"GT-BFT,":[62],"a":[63,72,92,100,140],"streamlined":[64],"lightweight":[66],"mechanism":[69],"grounded":[70],"in":[71,127,143],"global":[73],"trust":[74],"model.":[75],"This":[76],"model":[77],"capitalizes":[78],"on":[79],"node":[80],"behavior":[81],"form":[83],"groups":[85],"facilitate":[87],"achievement.":[89],"GT-BFT":[90,123],"integrates":[91],"novel":[93],"approach":[94],"selective":[96],"broadcasting":[97],"along":[98],"with":[99],"Byzantine":[101],"threshold":[102],"determination":[103],"algorithm,":[104],"significantly":[105],"boosting":[106],"both":[107],"security":[111],"network.":[114],"Our":[115],"extensive":[116],"analysis":[117],"performance":[119],"evaluation":[120],"reveal":[121],"that":[122],"surpasses":[124],"mechanisms":[126],"key":[128],"areas":[129],"such":[130],"as":[131],"security,":[132],"system":[133],"throughput,":[134],"transaction":[136],"confirmation":[137],"speed,":[138],"marking":[139],"significant":[141],"advancement":[142],"technology.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-24T06:16:03.338239","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}