{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405926391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100259","title":"DeFi risk assessment: MakerDAO loan portfolio case","display_name":"DeFi risk assessment: MakerDAO loan portfolio case","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405926391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100259","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115717468","display_name":"Ignat Melnikov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7804-8955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125989756","display_name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9nc143","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088151","display_name":"Human Stem Cells Institute PJSC (Russia)","ror":"https://ror.org/011ypec60","country_code":"RU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088151"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ignat Melnikov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockchain Laboratory, Sberbank PJSC, Moscow 117312, Russia","Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7804-8955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockchain Laboratory, Sberbank PJSC, Moscow 117312, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088151"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115717469","display_name":"Irina Lebedeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-9284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125989756","display_name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9nc143","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088151","display_name":"Human Stem Cells Institute PJSC (Russia)","ror":"https://ror.org/011ypec60","country_code":"RU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088151"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irina Lebedeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockchain Laboratory, Sberbank PJSC, Moscow 117312, Russia","Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-9284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockchain Laboratory, Sberbank PJSC, Moscow 117312, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088151"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Artem Petrov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153845743","display_name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v0z9322","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153845743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088151","display_name":"Human Stem Cells Institute PJSC (Russia)","ror":"https://ror.org/011ypec60","country_code":"RU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088151"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089467","display_name":"Institute of Physics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/005n3yy14","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210089467"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Artem Petrov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockchain Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia","Blockchain Laboratory, Sberbank PJSC, Moscow 117312, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockchain Department, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089467","https://openalex.org/I153845743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockchain Laboratory, Sberbank PJSC, Moscow 117312, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020656981","display_name":"Yury Yanovich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-7585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118501908","display_name":"National Research University Higher School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/055f7t516","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118501908"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125989756","display_name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9nc143","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yury Yanovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, HSE University, Moscow 109028, Russia","Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4651-7585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, HSE University, Moscow 109028, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118501908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125989756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115717468"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125989756","https://openalex.org/I4210088151"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"fwci":0.7334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81426053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"100259","last_page":"100259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.9376999735832214,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loan","display_name":"Loan","score":0.5990018844604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio","display_name":"Portfolio","score":0.5710867047309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"Risk assessment","score":0.4911350905895233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4799535572528839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.4233071804046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2641453146934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.2067740261554718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.054823845624923706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777764128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189539","display_name":"Loan","level":2,"score":0.5990018844604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.5710867047309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.4911350905895233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4799535572528839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.4233071804046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2641453146934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2067740261554718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.054823845624923706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cd8840ed8bbf422aad5ee31bac058fcb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cd8840ed8bbf422aad5ee31bac058fcb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 100259- (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcra.2024.100259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210227578","display_name":"Blockchain Research and Applications","issn_l":"2096-7209","issn":["2096-7209","2666-9536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002169993","https://openalex.org/W2004818833","https://openalex.org/W2028594183","https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2883748642","https://openalex.org/W2896997907","https://openalex.org/W2921674422","https://openalex.org/W2970475278","https://openalex.org/W3007114491","https://openalex.org/W3007252677","https://openalex.org/W3042743284","https://openalex.org/W3047944752","https://openalex.org/W3110705828","https://openalex.org/W3121800153","https://openalex.org/W3137707325","https://openalex.org/W3155602733","https://openalex.org/W3167167973","https://openalex.org/W3169557768","https://openalex.org/W3207082571","https://openalex.org/W3208239098","https://openalex.org/W4210515665","https://openalex.org/W4210611085","https://openalex.org/W4220798109","https://openalex.org/W4240470885","https://openalex.org/W4283387049","https://openalex.org/W4286698121","https://openalex.org/W4296871891","https://openalex.org/W4309263367","https://openalex.org/W4311795476","https://openalex.org/W4319934710","https://openalex.org/W4322746787","https://openalex.org/W4362686716","https://openalex.org/W4384026569","https://openalex.org/W4387010091","https://openalex.org/W4389101419","https://openalex.org/W4391559441","https://openalex.org/W4393408737","https://openalex.org/W4398161031","https://openalex.org/W6753511398","https://openalex.org/W6767529361","https://openalex.org/W6774086666","https://openalex.org/W6774338442","https://openalex.org/W6781679526","https://openalex.org/W6802583085","https://openalex.org/W6803092163","https://openalex.org/W6808520148","https://openalex.org/W6809587296","https://openalex.org/W6846303672","https://openalex.org/W6847238951","https://openalex.org/W6848915325","https://openalex.org/W6850208507","https://openalex.org/W6851525579","https://openalex.org/W6852053660","https://openalex.org/W6853276620"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W3201861680","https://openalex.org/W2044090075","https://openalex.org/W2996452312","https://openalex.org/W2768197547","https://openalex.org/W4286620652","https://openalex.org/W2000491696","https://openalex.org/W2738995178","https://openalex.org/W3134530148","https://openalex.org/W3007569387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decentralized":[0],"finance":[1,44],"(DeFi)":[2],"is":[3,59,147],"a":[4,11,34,60,86,142],"rapidly":[5],"evolving":[6],"blockchain":[7],"technology":[8],"that":[9,151],"offers":[10,21],"new":[12],"perspective":[13],"on":[14,75,90],"financial":[15,27],"services":[16,28],"through":[17],"Web3":[18],"applications.":[19],"DeFi":[20,62,144,176,184],"developers":[22],"the":[23,51,77,121,128,135,152,166],"flexibility":[24],"to":[25,33,149,160],"create":[26],"using":[29,114],"smart":[30],"contracts,":[31],"leading":[32],"lack":[35],"of":[36,54,168,182],"standardized":[37],"protocols":[38],"and":[39,94,104,116,178],"challenges":[40],"in":[41,50,124],"applying":[42],"traditional":[43],"models":[45,173],"for":[46,65,138,174],"risk":[47,78,87,126,140,171],"assessment,":[48],"especially":[49],"early":[52],"stages":[53],"adoption.":[55],"The":[56],"Maker":[57],"protocol":[58],"prominent":[61],"platform":[63],"known":[64],"its":[66],"diverse":[67],"functionalities,":[68],"including":[69],"loan":[70,82,129],"services.":[71],"This":[72,163],"study":[73],"focuses":[74],"analyzing":[76],"associated":[79],"with":[80,97],"Maker's":[81],"portfolio":[83],"by":[84],"developing":[85,169],"model":[88],"based":[89],"multiple":[91],"Brownian":[92,98],"motions":[93,99],"passage":[95,105],"levels,":[96],"representing":[100,107],"different":[101],"collateral":[102],"types":[103],"levels":[106],"users'":[108],"collateralization":[109],"ratios.":[110],"Through":[111],"numerical":[112],"experiments":[113],"artificial":[115],"real":[117],"data,":[118],"we":[119],"evaluate":[120],"model's":[122,136,153],"effectiveness":[123],"assessing":[125,139],"within":[127,141],"portfolio.":[130],"While":[131],"our":[132],"findings":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"potential":[137],"single":[143],"project,":[145],"it":[146],"important":[148],"acknowledge":[150],"assumptions":[154],"may":[155],"not":[156],"be":[157],"fully":[158],"applicable":[159],"real-world":[161],"data.":[162],"research":[164],"underscores":[165],"importance":[167],"project-specific":[170],"assessment":[172],"individual":[175],"projects":[177],"encourages":[179],"further":[180],"exploration":[181],"other":[183],"protocols.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}